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Nielichenizujące grzyby epii endolityczne (litobionty) [Non-lichenized, epilithic and endolithic fungi (litobionts)]
Andrzej Chlebicki
Rock inhabiting fungi belong to some orders of Ascomycetes: Chaetothyriales, Dothideales and Pleosporales. In the nature they occur exclusively as anamorphs. They often are named ‘black fungi’ or ‘black yeasts’. These litobionts are mycodestructants of sandstones, carbonates, silicates and rocks with sulfur and phosphate. The weathering action of these endolithic fungi may occur as a result of oxidative or reductive attack and dissolution. Fungi also have an important impact on the alteration and destruction of historical buildings, works of art, antique and medieval glass. Fungi can transform metals and metalloids by reduction and methylation. Metal mobilization from rocks can be achieved by chelation by excreted metabolites and siderophores. The ability of fungi to transform metalloids has been utilized successfully in the bioremediation and biotechnology. ‘Black yeasts’ are also known as serious mycopathogens of human.
Słowa kluczowe: black yeasts, litobionts, rock degradation
Strony: 5-13
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Klasycystyczne motywy roślinne w dekoracjach Zamku Krolewskiego w Warszawie [Classical plant motifs used in the ornamentation of the Royal Castle in Warsaw]
Halina Galera
This article addresses the problems faced when identifying plants depicted in decorative motifs based on selected examples to be found in the exhibition rooms of the Royal Castle in Warsaw. The study attempts to define the conventions followed when depicting individual plant species and the way in which these particular species were stylized. An attempt has also been made to explain whether it is possible to compare plant portraits with their living counterparts in order to indicate where the borderline lies between stylized plant motifs and ornamentation with plants which constitute the products of the artist’s fantasy. In many cases it is difficult to determine the borderline between a freely restyled image of a concrete species and a depiction which is entirely the product of the artist’s fantasy. It is only possible to indicate those features which the people who were responsible for designing the decoration in the Royal Castle wished to emphasize – in this way denoting concrete plants. The bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) is characterized by spherical fruit and elliptic leaves with wavy margins, the olive tree (Olea europaea) has oval fruits and longer narrowly elliptic leaves with flat margins. The leaves of Acanthus species are pinnately-lobed, whereas those of the palm (Phoenix and Chamaerops species) are deeply divided into numerous segments. The cracked pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit that contains numerous seeds is crowned by a conspicuous and wide open calyx. Spherical vine (Vitis vinifera) berries are grouped into characteristic paniclelike clusters. The Italian pine cone and artichoke inflorescence differ from each other in the outline and arrangement of scales (in Pinus pinea) or bracts (Cynara sp.). However the identification of the plants discussed has to be based on arguments resulting from cultural conventions. The reference to ancient patterns (which is typical of Classicism) also concerns the choice of decorative plant motifs used since the species are indigenous to the Mediterranean region and have been cultivated in this area since antiquity.
Słowa kluczowe: Royal Castle in Warsaw, classicism, ornamentation, useful plants, Laurus, Olea, Phoenix, Chamaerops, Acanthus, Vitis, Punica, Pinus, Cynara
Strony: 15-26
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Polscy badacze okrzemek [Polish diatomologists]
Jadwiga Siemińska
The 19th century was a very special era in diatom research development in Europe marked by activity of, i.e., Agardh, Ehrenberg, Kützing, Smith, Greville, and Gregory. Improved microscopes and better access to literature resulted in a bloom of diatomology. At that time, in the period 1795-1918, Poland did not exist as an independent state; the country’s territory was divided between three neighbouring powers: Austria, Prussia and Russia. However, the beginning of diatomological studies in our country dates back to 1840 when H. Łobarzewski published a paper on new diatoms from the Adriatic Sea. Then the fi rst handbook with identifi cation keys for diatoms was published in Polish language in 1860 by F. Sypniewski. Afterwards many papers on algae – including diatoms – were written by R. Gutwiński, some of them concerned Jawa, Central Asia and China. S. Wisłouch is the author of classical studies on diatoms in salt waters of Crimea, as well as Balkhash, Baikal and Onega Lakes. The regaining of independence by Poland in 1918, at the end of the World War I, resulted in development of the national system of higher education and on the establishment of research institutes in which several good phycologists – and diatomologists – were activ, among them: J. Wołoszyńska investigated diatoms from present day Lithuania and Ukraine, B. Namysłowski studied springs of various types, and W. Kulmatycki pioneered research on water pollution basing on phycological and chemical characters. In 1945, at the end of the World War II, following the Yalta treaty, the 1939 borders of Poland were changed both in the west and east of the country. The diatoms of the previous German territory: the Sudety Mountains, Silesia, Pomerania, and the Baltic Sea, have been investigated by German specialists, i.e.: F. Cohn, H. Hilse, O. Kirchner, E. Klinsmann, L. Lakowitz, B. Schroeder, O. Schulz, J. Schumann, and V. Torka. Now, in several Polish universities and laboratories diverse water bodies, and diatoms living in them, were subject of the study. The hydrobiological group founded by K. Starmach in Cracow had great impact on the phycological, and diatomological, research through Poland. His student – among others – K. Wasylik elaborated diatom communities in southern Vistula river tributaries and fossil diatoms from the famous Zeribar Lake in Iran. Another one, B. Kawecka, is studying diatom communities in Tatra Mountains waters, in montane streams in other parts of Europe, and from Antarctic waters as well. Last twenty years is the golden era of the Polish modern diatomological research on recent and fossil material, mostly due to the works and activity of A. Witkowski in Szczecin, and B. Bogaczewicz-Adamczak in Gdynia, and their numerous students. The oldest studies on fossil diatoms carried out on our territories were made by the German specialists. Later, many Polish elaborations were dealing with Holocene and Pleistocene deposits (Eemian, Mazovian and Ferdynandian Interglacials), those concerning Tertiary sediments being much less numerous. Mesozoic and older discoveries are rare, made occasionally by geologists.The most interesting is the discovery of diatom remnants in the Late Proterozoic black marble layers (see Siemińska, Kwiecińska 2000) from Przeworno.
Słowa kluczowe: history of botany, Polish diatomologists, portraits
Strony: 27-43
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 45-46
Jan Zerndt
Piotr Köhler
Belsazar (Baltazar) Hacquet
Piotr Köhler
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 47-53
Z żałobnej karty. Irena Inga Zbiec (1929-2006) [In memory of Professor Irena Inga Zbiec (1929-2006)]
Stanisław Karczmarczyk
Wspomnienie o profesorze Emilu Nalborczyku (1932-2006) [A remembrance of Professor Emil Nalborczyk (1932-2006)]
Franciszek Dubert
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 53-61
Irena Grabowska. 80. rocznica urodzin Nestorki polskiej palinologii. – Irena Grabowska [80th anniversary of Polish palynology senior’s birth]
Maria Ziembińska-Tworzydło, Barbara Słodkowska
Pro memoria (W. Pol, E. Godlewski, L. Nowakowski, W. Siemaszko, Z. Czubiński, W. J. Łuszczewski, W. Konopacka, J. K. Muszyński, W. F. Augustynowicz)
Alicja Zemanek
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 61-67
Sesja Oddziału Warszawskiego Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego “Botanika w kontekście kulturowym” (Zamek Królewski w Warszawie, 3 grudnia 2005) [Session of the Warsaw Division of Polish Botanical Society “Botany in a cultural context” (the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 3 December 2005]
Halina Galera
VIII Międzynarodowy Kongres Aerobiologiczny w Neuchatel, Szwajcaria, 21-25 sierpnia 2006 [The 8th International Congress on Aerobiology “Towards a comprehensive vision”, Neuchatel, Switzerland, 21-25 August 2006]
Danuta Stępalska, Dorota Myszkowska
VII Ogólnopolskie spotkanie naukowe “Biologia traw” (Kraków, 16-17 listopada 2006) [7th All-Polish scientific meeting “Grass biology” (Cracow, Poland, 16-17 November 2006)]
Ludwik Frey, Marta Mizianty
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society news]
Strony: 68-91
Sprawozdanie z działalności Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego w 2006 roku [Polish Botanical Society in 2006]
Anna Mikuła
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Varia
Strony: 92-109
Leksykon botaników polskich: 62. Maria Alojza Reymann (Reymanówna) [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 62. Maria Alojza Reymann (Reymanówna)]
Piotr Köhler, Jadwiga Ziaja
Leksykon botaników polskich: 63. Janina Felicja Małecka [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 63. Janina Felicja Małecka]
Piotr Köhler
Koniopłoch nie myszopłoch, a czarnuszka marzymięta, czyli o nazwach słów parę [Some words about Polish plant names]
Wiesław Fałtynowicz
Nowe Laboratorium Molekularne Instytutu Botaniki PAN [New Molecular Laboratory of the Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences]
Zbigniew Mirek
Poświęcenie Laboratorium Analiz Molekularnych Instytutu Botaniki PAN przez jego Eminencję ks. kardynała Stanisława Dziwisza [Molecular Laboratory, Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, blessedby His Eminence Cardinal Stanisław Dziwisz]
Zbigniew Mirek
Kilka uwag o tytanie i jego wpływie na rośliny uprawne [Some notices about titanium and its influence on cultivated plants]
Jan Borkowski, Barbara Dyki, Anna Felczyńska
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Poezje botaników [Poetry of botanists]
Strony: 109-110
Stellaria media; Zanim; Na wiosnę
Agnieszka Nikel
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New periodicals and series]
Strony: 110-111
Natura Sloveniae
Jan J. Wójcicki
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Polemiki i dyskusje [Polemics and discussion]
Strony: 111-114
Juśkiewicz-Swaczyna B., Endler Z. Flora synantropijna Brodnicy [Juśkiewicz-Swaczyna B., Endler Z. Flora synantropijna Brodnicy]
Janusz Guzik
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 114-119
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 119-122
Jan J. Wójcicki
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Literatura botaniczna [Botanical literature]
Strony: 122-124
Jan J. Wójcicki
