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Nowsze wiadomości o fotosyntezie i oddychaniu u glonów i sinic [News about photosynthesis and respiration by Algae and Cyanobacteria]
Stefan Gumiński
The short review of current literature concerning photosynthesis and respiration processes in algae and cyanobacteria cells with special interest in (1) carbon dioxide and hydrocarbonate ion assimilation, (2) influence of light intensity and (3) enzyme activities and metabolism is presented.
Słowa kluczowe: photosynthesis, photorespiration, respiration, light intensity, C02, HC03- ions and 02 concentration
Strony: 9-16
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Sinice i ich interakcje z metalami ciężkimi [Cyanobacteria and their interactions with heavy metals]
Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska, Tadeusz Skowroński
Cyanobacteria (= Cvanophyta- blue-green algae) still play an important role in different biotopes of the whole biosphere. This review concerns interactions between these microorganisms and heavy metals – the common pollutants of aquatic environment. Cyanobacteria bind superficially and accumulate intracellularly both essential and toxic metals. In this way, they influence the partitioning of metals between different components of ecosystem, and the equilibrium concentration of metals in water. Under some specific environmental conditions (high pH) cyanobacteria can exist and grow in strongly heavy-metal polluted waters, although their metabolism is more sensitive to toxic metals than that of eukaryotic algae and fungi. Toxic impact of heavy metals on cyanobacteria comprises inhibition of photosynthetic processes, changes of enzyme activities, inhibition of growth and metabolism, desintegration of cell structure etc. All these effects are a consequence of metal uptake. Cyanobacteria bind heavy meta Is in two phase process comprising surface sorption and intracellular, metabolism-dependent transport, Physico-chemical environmental factors (light conditions, temperature, pH, presence of other metal cations and anions, etc) influence the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals due to their influence on both phases of uptake process and chemical metal speciation. In aquatic environment, cyanobacteria as a component of seston, play an important role in biogeochemical metal cycling. They are also a significant source of organic compounds excreted or released during senescence into the water, which can change the heavy metal speciation and availability to living organisms.
Słowa kluczowe: cyanobacteria, heavy metals, uptake processes, toxic effects, tolerance, metal speciation
Strony: 17-30
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Glony jako czynnik degradacji różnych materiałów [Algae as a degradation factor of various materials]
Krzysztof Jan Krajewski
The present knowledge in the field of algae impact on different materials is presented, as based both on the original study and literature search. Data are presented on the influence aerophytic algae on building materials and wood in particular. Results are also reported of studies concerning the effects of superficial occurrence of algae in water environment. The data collected suggest that, besides the lasting discolouring, algae exert negative influence upon studied materials, both in the water and land environment. The observed alteration of physical and mechanical properties of materials under question are of mainly superficial character but it is also possible, in the case of wood, that limited deep effects will occur. The mechanism of destruction the studied materials by algae cannot be considered fully explained. The quoted here research on the relationship between algae and their environment suggest that algae may influence in an active way on various substrates.
Słowa kluczowe: aerophytic algae, wood, building materials, degradation of materials
Strony: 31-36
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Grzyby mikroskopijne występujące w Arktyce i obszarach alpejskich [Microfungi in Arctic and alpine regions]
Andrzej Chlebicki
This review is concerned with the strategies of survival under Arctic and alpine conditions and adaptation of fungi to the short Arctic and alpine summers. The arctic-alpine species show ecological and morphological adaptations as the simplification of life cycle, the formation of ascospores with thick, pigmented walls and gelatinous sheats which protect against DV-B radiation. The comparison of ascospores of dryadicolous fungi from Tatra Mts, Alps, Scandinavia and Spitsbergen shows increasing participation of species with pigmented ascospores towards North.
Słowa kluczowe: arctic and alpine microfungi, ecology
Strony: 37-44
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Ciała Ubischa – produkt działalności tapetum [The Ubisch bodies – the product of tapetal activity]
Joanna Leśniewska
This review describes hitherto prevailing knowledge on Ubisch bodies produced by tapetal cells; process of their origin and the structure of mature forms. It also presents the hypothesis concerning the supposed functions of orbicules in the anther of Spermatophyta.
Słowa kluczowe: tapetum, ultrastructure, Ubisch bodies =orbicules, glycocalyx, sporopollenin
Strony: 45-54
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Skaningowy mikroskop elektronowy w badaniach karpologicznych [Scanning electron microscope in carpological studies]
Jagna Karcz
The structure of plant surfaces has been intensively studied under taxonomic and ecological aspects. During the last decade the application of scanning electron microscope has greatly increased our knowledge of plant surfaces. The SEM is a surface microscope and the subject under examination is the natural primary surface of a plant – the epiderm, which covers i. e. seeds and fruits. Structurally, epiderms are usually rather thick-walled and stable in a vacuum: this allows quick preparation for SEM examinations, without the need for complicated dehydration techniques. Epidermal characters of seeds and fruits are surprisingly little affected by the environmental conditions in which a plant grows: there is evidence for a strong genetic control over these characters. Their high structural diversity provides most valuable criteria for the classification between species and family level. The comprehensive bibliography of Brisson and Peterson [13] indicates the value of the SEM for the study of seeds and fruits. Surface characters may be grouped into four categories (Figs. 1,4): (1) cellular arrangement or cellular pattern, (2) Shape of cells (the “primary sculpture” of a surface), (3) Relief of outer cell walls (the “secondary sculpture” superimposed on the primary sculpture), caused mainly by cuticular striations and superficially visible wall inclusions and wall thickennings, (4) Epicuticular secretions (the “tertiary sculpture” superimposed on the secondary sculpture), i. e. mainly waxes and related substances. Micromorphological and ultrastructural data have contributed invaluable information to our understanding of the evolution and classification of seed plants and play an important role in the modem syntetic systems of Angiosperms (e.g. Dahlgren [18]).
Słowa kluczowe: scanning electron microscope, seed, fruit, surface characters, taxonomy
Strony: 55-65
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Rola proliny u roślin wyższych w warunkach stresu abiotycznego [Role of proline in higher plants under conditions of abiotic stress]
Piotr Karolewski
In this review the influence of abiotic stress factors on the level of proline in different plant organs is discussed. This is very difficult because the content of proline is also depends on the influence of many interacting intrinsic (age and stage of developement) and external (temperature, humidity of air, water status, nutrition etc.) factors. Results of much research indicates that influences of abiotic factors, such as toxic gases and metals, salinity, drought, low and high temperature affect free proline in a similar fashion. It is characterized by three stages: an initial lack of significant changes, followed by a rapid increase, and finally a reduction in the level of this amino acid, depending on the dose of the acting stress factor. These changes have a similar course, irrespective of the sensitivity of the plants. This indicates that in the sphere of proline metabolism, we are dealing with a qualitatively identical mechanism of plant reactions, irrespective of the the type of stress factor and the degree of plant tolerance. However, more sensitive plants respond earlier, at lower concentrations or interactions of the stress factors than do more tolerant plants. The stages refered to above correspond respectively to: I) defence reactions, 2) unfavourable metabolic changes and 3) degradation processes leading in effect to the death of plants. The active participation of proline in the defence reactions of plants against the injurious effects of stress factors can take place only at relatively low levels of the stress factor, i.e. until the period of rapid increase in the level of this imino acid. On the other hand, excessive levels of free proline accumulation expresses the degree of stress already experienced.
Słowa kluczowe: proline, hydroxyproline, abiotic stress, air pollution, drought, low temperature, high temperature, salinity
Strony: 67-81
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 83-84
Wojciech Grzegórzek
Piotr Köhler
Edward (Glinka-) Janczewski
Piotr Köhler
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 85-91
Profesor Hanna Czeczott (1888-1982) [Professor Hanna Czeczott (1888-1982)]
Krystyna Juchniewicz
Wspomnienie o Profesorze Karlu Ulrichu Kramerze (1928-1994) [A rememberance of Professor Karl UIrich Kramer (1928-1994)]
Halina Piekoś-Mirkowa
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 91-101
Pro memoria (W. Eichstad, J. A. Helwing, A. T. Działyński, E. (Glinka-) Janczewski, Ż.l. Król, sen., F. Kamieński, J. M. Dobrowolski, W. Konopacka, M. Bremówna, W. Becker, F. Krawiec, K. Kluk, J. Warszewicz, A. Żmuda, K. Proszyński, K. Miczyński jun., I. Hoppe, A. Starzeński, J. Antoniewicz, H. Popławska-Sukaczewa, J. Trela, B. Pawłowski)
Alicja Zemanek
Osiemdziesiąta rocznica urodzin Profesora Klemensa Kępczyńskiego [80th anniversary of Professor Klemens Kępczyński’s birth]
Tomasz Załuski
70-lecie urodzin Profesora Tadeusza Baszyńskiego [Professor Tadeusz Baszyński – 70th anniversary of birth]
Anna Tukiendorf
50 lat Łódzkiego Oddziału Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego [50 years of the Łódź Division of the Polish Botanical Society]
Janina Jakubowska-Gabara
Jubileusz 40-lecia Zakładu Fizjologii Roślin Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie [40th anniversary of the Department of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow]
Marian Czarnowski
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 101-116
Międzynarodowy Kongres międzydyscyplinamych badań nad tolerancją roślin wyższych na suszę (Montpellier, Francja, 31 sierpnia – 2 września 1995) [International Congress on Integrated Studies on Drought Tolerance of Higher Plants (Montpellier, France, 31 August-2 September 1995)]
Hanna Bandurska
XII Kongres Europejskich Mikologów (Wageningen, Holandia, 3-7 września 1995) [12th Congress of European Mycologists (Wageningen, Holland, 3-7 September 1995)]
Maria Ławrynowicz. Alina Skirgiełło
Międzynarodowa konferencja o zróżnicowaniu i ewolucji roślin lądowych w czasie geologicznym (ICTPG) (Nankin, Chiny, 4-8 września 1995) [International Conference on Diversification and Evolution of Terrestrial Plants in Geological time (ICTPG) (Nanjing, China, 4-8 September 1995)]
Ewa Zastawniak
14. Sympozjum Stowarzyszenia Palinologów Frankofońskich “Palinologia i zmiany globalne” (Paryż, Francja, 18-20 września 1995) [14th Symposium of Palynologists Society of French Language “Palynology and global changes” (Paris, France, 18-20 September 1995)]
Małgorzata Latałowa
Konferencja gleboznawców i botaników w Drawieńskim Parku Narodowym (Tuczno, Polska, 26-27 września 1995) [Conference of soil scientists and botanists in Drawieński National Park (Tuczno, Poland, 26-27 September 1995)]
Tomasz Załuski
XI Krajowy Zjazd Mikologiczny Polskiego Towarzystwa Higienicznego (Mierki k. Olsztynka, Polska, 28-29 września 1995) [11th National Mycological Meeting of Polish Hygienical Society (Mierki near Olsztynek, Poland, 28-29 September 1995)]
Alina Skirgiełło
I Ogólnopolska konferencja: “Przyroda Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego a człowiek – stan i perspektywy badań tatrzańskich” (Zakopane, Polska, 6-9 października 1995) [1st Conference “The Tatra National Park nature vs. man – present state and prospects of investigations” (Zakopane, Poland, 6-9 October 1995)]
Anna Drozdowicz
Konferencja “Przyroda województwa bielskiego – stan poznania, zagrożenia i ochrona” (Bielsko-Biała, Polska, 18 października 1995) [“Nature of the Bielsko-Biała province – the state of knowledge, present threats and protection” – a scientific Conference (Bielsko-Biała, Poland, 18 October 1995)]
Henryk Klama, Jan Żarnowiec
II Sympozjum “Pyłki i pyłkowica – aktualne problemy” (Lublin, Polska, 1-2 grudnia 1995) [2nd Symposium “Pollens and pollinosis – current problems” (Lublin, Poland, 1-2 December 1995)]
Danuta Stępalska
Międzynarodowa Konferencja “Problemy badań bioróżnorodności glonów, grzybów i mszaków Arktyki” (St. Petersburg, Rosja, 12-16 grudnia 1995) [An International Conference “Problems of investigations of biodiversity of algae, fungi and bryophytes in Arctic” (St. Petersburg, Russia, 12-16 December 1995)]
Andrzej Chlebicki
Konferencja “Nauka na rzecz różnorodności biologicznej” (Warszawa, Polska, 13 grudnia 1995) [Conference “Science for biodiversity” (Warsaw, Poland, 13 December 1995)]
Józef Mitka
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society News]
Strony: 116-137
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne w 1995 r. [Polish Botanical Society in 1995]
Zbigniew Mirek, Lucyna Musiał
50. Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego (Kraków, 26 czerwca – 1 lipca 1995) [50th Congress of Polish Botanical Society (Cracow, 26 June – 1 July 1995)]
Piotr Köhler
Sprawozdanie z sesji terenowych 50. Zjazdu Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego [Field sessions during the 50th Congress of the Polish Botanical Society]
Stefania Loster
Sekcja Briologiczna na Zjeździe PTB – wybory i obrady [Briological Section at the Congress of Polish Botanical Society – election and session]
Krzysztof Jędrzejko
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Varia
Strony: 137-142
Feliks Woytkowski – niedoceniony polski “łowca roślin” [Feliks Woytkowski – an unappreseiated Polish “plant hunter”]
Ludwik Frey
Ostatni Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Dendrologicznego [The last Yearbook of the Polish Dendrological Society]
Jakub Dolatowski
Leksykon botaników polskich: 18. Henryk Błaszczyk [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 18. Henryk Blaszczyk]
Piotr Köhler
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New periodicals and series]
Strony: 142-144
Trends in Plant Science
Jan J. Wójcicki
Scripta Rudensia
Jan J. Wójcicki
Sendtnera
Jan J. Wójcicki
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 144-157
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 157-160
Jan J. Wójcicki
