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Pochwała zielnika [Appraisal of the herbarium]
Janusz B. Faliński
On the occasion of looking for information in a herbarium in the University of Uppsala the author discusses the past and present significance of the herbarium serving as a basic source of information about species and the diversity of the plant kingdom. He points out to the immense amount of work performed by both professional and amateur scientists gathering “beautiful in their shape” sources of knowledge about the flora and the variability of nature. Using as an example the species studied by himself the author discusses problems concerning the application of the notion of species. Further, he advocates the use of the herbarium as a source of knowledge about the changes in the occurrence of natural phenomena rare in the past and common today. Here he mentions the bisexuality and polygamy of the Salix genus which is, in principle, characterised by the monosexuality of individuals and the dioecy of species. The author criticises the obscurantist attitude towards classical fields of science and their research tools and methodology. In spite of the progress in scientific materials preservation techniques the herbarium is still a valid source of valuable information. Herbarium collections are like old books, they have to be constantly taken care of, both by scientific institutions and by society.
Słowa kluczowe: herbarium, study of plant variability, Salix myrsinifolia, dioecy, past and present significance of herbarium
Strony: 7-10
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Taksonomia roślin wyższych i fitogeografia w Instytucie Botaniki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego (1913-1993) [Taxonomy of vascular plants and phytogeography in the Insthute of Botany of the Jagiellonian University (1913-1993)]
Jan Kornaś
The author’s aim was to present the directions and achievements of taxonomic and phytogeographical investigations in the Institute of Botany of the Jagiellonian University (UJ) in Kraków, from the foundation in 1913 by Marian Raciborski through the following 80 years. Some centres of botany in other countries, former activities in the Commission of Plant Physiography in Kraków and cooperation with the Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, are also mentioned. Works in plant taxonomy, branch fundamental for other studies, had in the Institute of Botany UJ mainly a descriptive character (alfa taxonomy). It was connected among others with the preparation of the Polish Flora (Flora Polska publication in 14 volumes) and a handy flora Rośliny Polskie (Szafer, Kulczyński, Pawłowski 1924 and next editions). Problems of plant phylogeny (omega taxonomy) were undertaken mostly on the country’s scale, in relation to selected groups of species. Bogumił Pawłowski, well known Polish taxonomist, and Jan Kornaś (with co-authors) participated in some international enterprises: Flora Europaea, Atlas Florae Europaeae, Index Holmensis. Plant geography formed a chief part of the so called Kraków Geobotanical School. The main achievement here was the publication of a team-monograph The vegetation of Poland (Szafer ed. 1966 and two Polish editions). Original investigations of various authors concerned: geographical elements in the Polish flora, geobotanical characteristic of particular regions, mainly in the Karpaty Mts. and chorological works. Among them the most important are: Atlas of distribution of vascular plants in the Polish Carpathian Mts. which was beeing prepared by J. Kornaś with contributors (selected maps are already published) and Distribution atlas of vascular plants in Poland (prospectus published in 1992), worked out by Adam Zajac and co-authors. For both projects the computer methods are used – from the beginning (atlas for Poland) or in final stage (atlas for Carpathians). The investigations executed by Institute staff-members outside Poland concerned: the Balcans, the Alps, Spitsbergen and the Antarctic, Mongolia and tropical Africa – for Zambia and Rwanda atlases of pteridophytes distribution were published (Kornaś 1979, Kornaś and Nowak 1993). Ecological plant geography, not discussed by the author, was in the Institute of Botany UJ treated jointly with ecology. Historical plant geography started by M. Raciborski and continued mainly by Władysław Szafer – refered to original paleobotanical and palynological investigations in both Institutes: of the University and of the Academy. Changes involved in the flora and vegetation under human influences were noticed relatively early and induced activities in nature conservation, taken up first of all by W. Szafer. Conceptions of synanthropization, developed from the 1950’s by J. Kornaś, stimulated investigations of numerous authors. As vast compendia of plant geography prepared in the Institute of Botany UJ two university handbooks should be mentioned: one by W. Szafer (1947 and two later editions) and the other by J. Kornaś with A. Medwecka-Kornaś (1986).
Słowa kluczowe: Institute of Botany, plant taxonomy, phytogeography, synanthropic processes, conservation of vegetation
Strony: 11-17
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Nowe dla nauki rodzaje i gatunki traw opisane w latach 1991-1995 [Genera and species of grasses new to science described in 1991-1995]
Ludwik Frey
182 species and 10 genera of grasses new to science are listed. They are grouped in subfamilies and tribes according to Clayton and Renvoize [4]. The number of species in each of subfamilies is distributed as follows: Bambusoideae 60, Pooideae 45, Arundinoideae 16, Chloridoideae 22, Panicoideae 39. Countries where new species were found are marked on the map. Some remarks on distribution and some statistical statements are given.
Słowa kluczowe: grasses, genera, species, new to science
Strony: 19-26
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Wpływ genów Rht1, Rht2 i Rht3 na niektóre właściwości fizjologiczne i morfologiczne pszenicy [Influence of Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3 genes in some physiological and morphological properties of wheat]
Krzysztof Kowalczyk
The article gives a review of literature relating to influence of Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3 genes on some physiological and morphological properties of wheat, such reaction on exogenous gibberellic acid, level and content of different gibberellins, efficiency of photosynthesis and activity of a-amylase, development of leaves and root system as well as number and size of cells.
Słowa kluczowe: GA – insensitivity Rht genes, gibberellins, efficiency of photosynthesis, root system, common wheat, durum wheat
Strony: 27-32
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Strategie adaptacyjne roślin a skład gatunkowy fitocenoz [Adaptation strategies of plants versus species composition of phytocoenoses]
Bożena Czarnecka
The aim of this article was to review papers on phenotypic, i.e. somatic and physiological polymorphism of seeds and its influence on differentiation of vegetation composition. Many species, especially annuals, produce two or more diaspore morphs which differ in their abilities of dispersal and dormancy. Propagules with morphological structures for dispersal and rather no dormancy may realize escape in space, i.e. colonize new habitats. On the other hand, diaspores with no dispersal structures remain dormant in sites where they were produced and form transient or persistent seed banks. This way they may escape in time. Both somatic and physiological polymorphisms are important properties of adaptation strategy in changing or unpredictable habitats.
Słowa kluczowe: phenotypic polymorphism of seeds, escape in space, escape in time, seed bank, adaptation strategy, species composition of phytocoenoses
Strony: 33-42
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Udział nadtlenku wodoru i reaktywnych postaci tlenu wytwarzanych przez oksydazę NADPH w odporności roślin przeciwko patogenom [The hydrogen peroxide and generation oxidative burst in plant defense against plant pathogen]
Tadeusz Pietras, Urszula Małolepsza, Andrzej Witusik
The generation of activated oxygen species (AOS) is one of the earliest responses of plant cell to elicitors or pathogens. In particular two species, superoxide anion (02-) and hydrogen peroxide (H202) have received considerable attention. Many potential sources of AOS production have been identified such as NADPH oxidase, peroxidase and lipoxygenase. The AOS produced in response to pathogen and elicitor has been hypothetised to have direct antimicrobial effects and to play a role in other defense mechanisms including membrane lipoxydation, cell wall modyfication, signal transduction, induced resistance and hypersensitive cell death. The mechanisms and regulation of AOS generation in plant-pathogen/elicitor interactions and similarities between the mammalian reactions during immune response, and signaling pathways inplant oxidative burst arediscused inthis review.
Słowa kluczowe: activated oxygen species, oxidase NADPH, respiratory burst, hypersensitive response, systemic acquired resistance
Strony: 43-50
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Biologia jodły olbrzymiej (Abies grandis Lindl.) [Biology of grand fir (Abies grandis Lindl.)]
Adam Dolnicki, Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik
On the basis of the world literature present knowledge on biology of Abies grandis with detailed description of resistance to abiotic conditions of environment is described.
Słowa kluczowe: Abies grandis, growth, frost resistance, drought resistance
Strony: 51-61
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Fuzja protoplastów roślinnych i jej praktyczne znaczenie [The plant protoplasts fusion and its practical significance]
Irena Ślesak
The article reviews methods used for the isolation and fusion of plant protoplasts. Protoplasts can be released from the cell wall either mechanically or enzymatically. The mechanical approach involves cutting a plasmolyzed tissue in which the protoplasts have shrunk and have been pulled away from the cell wall. In enzymatic methods, the cell wall is digested by special enzyme mixtures containing cellulases, pectinases and hemicellulases. After isolation, protoplasts may be induced to fuse in the presence of chemical fusogens (e. g. polyethylene glycol- PEG) or by electric field (electrofusion). Protoplasts containing nonidentical nuclei are referred to as heterokaryocytes. The fusion of genetically identical protoplasts results in homokaryocytes. If one nucleus completely disappears, the cytoplasms of the two parental protoplasts are still hybridized, and the fusion product is known as a cybrid (cytoplasmic hybrid), Somatic hybrids can be selected by using the following methods: 1) complementation selection of mutants, 2) fluorescent methods (e. g. fluorescence-activated cell sorters (FACS)), 3) isoenzyme analysis, 4) nuclear DNA analysis, 5) chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA analysis, 6) cytological changes in hybrids. In many cases, somatic hybrids that cannot be produced by conventional plant genetics because of sexual or physical incompatibility can be formed only by somatic cell fusion, Agriculturally useful characters (e. g. pathogen resistance) can be selected by somatic hybridization.
Słowa kluczowe: protoplasts, protoplast fusion, somatic hybridization
Strony: 63-76
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 77-78
Antoni Rehman
Alicja Zemanek
Marian Raciborski
Alicja Zemanek
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 79-88
Dr Jadwiga Stasiak (9 I 1942 – 22 XII 1996)
Ryszard Markowski, Maria Herbichowa, Jacek Herbich
Ks. prof. dr Józef Szuleta (1908-1997) [Rev. prof. dr Józef Szuleta (1908-1997)]
Jadwiga Tarkowska
Heinz Ellenberg (1913-1997)
Kazimierz Zarzycki
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 88-95
Pro memoria (J. Ch. Arnold, A. Kubaszewski, A. Wodziczko, S. Wóycicki, J. Strumiłło, F. Sypniewski, K. Langie, K. Piotrowski, A. Ślósarski, S. Wisłouch, W. Wróblewski, M. Bremówna, I. Cabejszek,M. Skalińska)
Alicja Zemanek
Jubileusz prof. dr Wandy Truszkowskiej [Jubilee of Professor Dr. Wanda Truszkowska birth]
Jerzy Ważny
Sesja naukowa zorganizowana w 30. rocznicę śmierci prof. dr hab. Zygmunta Czubińskiego (Poznań, 9-10 maja 1997) [Scientific session on 30th anniversary of Prof. dr hab. Zygmunt Czubiński death (Poznań, 9-10 May 1997)]
Anna Bujakiewicz, Waldemar Żukowski
Sesja naukowa w Ciechanowcu dla uczczenia 200. rocznicy śmierci ks. Krzysztofa Kluka (1739-1796) [Scientific session at Ciechanowiec commemorating 200th anniversary of Rev. Krzysztof Kluk (1739-1796) death]
Adam Wołk
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 95-104
XV Międzynarodowy Kongres Botaniczny (Tokio – Jokohama, Japonia, 28 sierpnia – 3 września 1993) [15th International Botanical Congress (Tokyo – Yokohama, Japan, 28 August – 3 September 1993)]
Maria Ławrynawicz, Beata Zagórska-Marek
II Ogólnopolskie Spotkanie Naukowe “Taksonomia, kariologia i rozmieszczenie traw w Polsce” (Kraków, 14-15 listopada 1996) [2nd National Scientific Meeting “Taxonomy, karyology and distribution of grasses in Poland” (Cracow, Poland, 14-15 November 1996)]
Ludwik Frey, Marta Mizianty
Międzynarodowa Konferencja Anatomii i Morfologii Roślin (St. Petersburg, Rosja, 2-6 czerwca 1997) [International Conference on Plant Anatomy and Morphology (St. Petersburg, Russia, 2-6 June 1997)]
Adam Woźny, Karol Latowski:
Seminarium Towarzystwa Ekologiczno-Kulturalnego w Bobolicach (Bobolice k. Koszalina, Polska, 12-14 czerwca 1997) [Seminar of Ecological-Cultural Society at Bobolice (Bobolice near Koszalin, Poland, 12-14 June 1997)]
Małgorzata Kotańska, Krystyna Towpasz
Druga konferencja “Archeobotanika północnej Afryki” (Leicester, Wielka Brytania, 23-25 czerwca 1997) [Second Conference “Archaeobotany of northem Africa” (Leicester, Great Britain, 23-25 June 1997)]
Krystyna Wasylikowa
Pierwszy Bałkański Kongres Botaniczny (Saloniki, Grecja, 19-22 września 1997) [First Balkan Botanical Congress (Thessaloniki, Greece, 19-22 September 1997)]
Marta Mizianty
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society News]
Strony: 104-116
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne w 1996 r. [Polish Botanical Society News Polish Botanical Society in 1996]
Zbigniew Mirek, Lucyna Musiał
XVI Sympozjum Sekcji Fykologicznej PTB (Wdzydze Kiszewskie, 9-11 maja 1991) [16th Symposium of the Phycological Section, Polish Botanical Society (Wdzydze Kiszewskie, Poland, 9-11 May 1997)]
Jadwiga Siemńska
50 lat Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego na Ziemi Łódzkiej [50 years of the Polish Botanical Society in Łódź Region]
Stefania Loster
Sesja Naukowa Sekcji Paleobotanicznej PTB oraz wybory zarządu Sekcji (Warszawa, 17 maja 1997) [Scientific Session of the Palaeobotanical Section of the Polish Botanical Society and the election of a new board (Warsaw, Poland, 17 May 1997)]
Ewa Zastawniak
“Czwartki botaniczne” Krakowskiego Oddziału PTB w kwietniu i maju 1997 r. [“Botanical Thursdays” in the Cracow Division of the Polish Botanical Society, in April and May 1997]
Józef Mitka
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Varia
Strony: 116-127
Powódź w Ogrodzie Roślin Leczniczych Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu [Flood at the Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical Academy, Wrocław]
Eugeniusz Kuźniewski
Rośliny bogów, herosów i świętych (zawarte w Vascular plants of Poland. A checklist) [Plants of gods, heroes and saints (included in Vascular plants of Poland. A checklist)]
Piotr Köhler
Leksykon botaników polskich: 23. Antoni Rehman [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 23. Antoni Rehman]
Alicja Zemanek
Leksykon botaników polskich: 24. Marian Raciborski [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 24. Marian Raciborski]
Alicja Zemanek
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Ogrody botaniczne i arboreta [Botanical gardens and arboreta]
Strony: 127-129
Działalność mikologiczna Narodowego Belgijskiego Ogrodu Botanicznego w Meise [The mycological activity of National Botanic Garden of Belgium in Meise]
Jolanta Adamczyk
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New periodicals and series]
Strony: 130-131
Jan J. Wójcicki
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 131-148
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 148-149
Jan J. Wójcicki
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Literatura botaniczna [Botnical literature]
Strony: 150-152
Jan J. Wójcicki
