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Stan zbadania grzybów wielkoowocnikowych miast Polski [Investigations of macromycetes in the area of towns in Poland]
J. A. Adamczyk, M. Ławrynowicz
Recently an increase of interest in fungi of the urbanized areas is observed, not only from the side of mycologists, but also botanists and ecologists. Fungi as parasites, saprophytes and symbionts take part in essential processes of urban ecosystems. Nowadays complex investigations are undertaken, including macromycetes, Taking into account the needs arising, the authors made an account of the existing literature of the subject and summarized the investigations on the Polish macromycetes: 104 publications from the period of ca. 130 years (l860-1990) are referred to, which include informations on fungi of the towns in Poland. When discussing the references chronologically, three periods can be distinguished: 1. 1860-1918. Floristic exploration concerned vast areas including urban and suburban ones. It was done a. o. by F. Błońiski, S. Chełchowski, J. Schroeter, B. Namysłowski, A. Wróblewski and F. Kaufmann, and included the present areas of Warsaw [4, 5, 7-9], Cracow [53-55, 99, 100], Puławy [3, 5, 75, 99], Wrocław and other towns in Silesia [67, 68], Gdańsk, Elbląg and surroundings [33-39,44]. 11. 1918-1945. Ratherlittle was done as far as the fungal flora of urban areas is concerned. One has to note the activity of F. Teodorowicz and J. H. Szulczewski, and exploration of parasite fungi on trees done by H. Orlos and L. Grabowski. The data increased for Poznań [82, 83] and Cracow (83) and a few other towns. From that period there come the first and for long time the only stands of fungi in Łódź [18,58]. Ill. 1945-1990. After a short decay an active investigations in the fields of taxonomy, chorology and ecology of fungi were initiated that also included the urban ecosystems. Recently the fungi of towns are of interest for the number of authors like W. Wojewoda, A. Skirgiełło, Z. Domański, I. Hołownia, M. Ławrynowicz, S. Friedrich, B. Salata, M. A. Bednarczyk and 1. Łuszczyński, The exploration includes Cracow [88-91], Warsaw [76], Torń [23-28], Łódź [46–50], Szczecin [17], Lublin [65], and Kielce [51]. The total number of species of macromycetes found in urban areas of Poland amount at ea. 1000. The majority of them is common, but there are also some rare, noted for the first time in the country. Among the listed 105 towns (Tab, I, ryc. 1) only in 6 towns more than lOO species of fungi were found; in 17 towns the corresponding number exceeds 20 and in the remaining is from 1 to 20. The given data show that only little is known about the fungi of Polish urban areas and that the literature on the subject is rather small when comparing with that on the vascular plants and lichens of urbanized areas. Thus the mycological exploration in towns has still to be intensified.
Słowa kluczowe: macromycetes, urban areas, Poland
Strony: 3-9
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Analiza porównawcza ekologicznych liczb wskaźnikowych (wg Ellenberga i Zarzyckiego) [Comparative analysis of ecological indicative values (according to Ellenberg and Zarzycki)]
A. B. Kozłowska
The present study is an attempt at assessing the ecological index values proposed by Zarzycki [28] from the point of view of the accuracy of the diagnosis of habitats obtained on their basis in comparison with analogous indices given by Ellenberg [15]. The material for analyses included 44 phytosociological records and 25 pH values and the results of measurements of surface soil layers made by the author in sandy grasslands and related dry meadows of Northern Poland (Fig. I.). The records were collected from the hummocks of glaciofluvial origin of the Pomeranian phase of the Baltic glaciation, i.e, from the kind of relief of a homogenous origin and fairly similar mechanical composition. The division of plant communities and their syntaxonomic pertinence is given in Tables 1 and 2. Mean values of the following indices were calculated for five selected plant units and given in a standardized form in a Fig. 2: light (ml.), thermal (m’T), continental (mK), humid (mF), acid (mk), and of the content of nitrogen (mN) similar to the index of fertility (mTr) according to Ellenberg and Zarzycki. The results obtained were compared with the empirical data referring to pH of soil and to the actual knowledge of other habitat differences between sandy grassland and dry meadow communities. Based on these results a conclusion was drawn that the indices of continentalism, as understood by Ellenberg, better reflect the climatic differences than the indices given by Zarzycki. On the other hand, indices of local habitat importance (mR, mF, mTr=mN) proposed by Zarzycki are slightly more suitable for application in Poland. The comparison of two different approaches to index values of species occurring in various habitats revealed the need for further studies allowing of specification of ecological index values of species based on empirical studies and also their degree of usefulness and limitation as to their application both in theory and practice. Keywords: ecological index values, ecological factors.
Słowa kluczowe: ecological index values, ecological factors
Strony: 11-21
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Pylniki i pyłek w hodowli in vitro [Anthers and pollen cultured in vitro culture]
R. Śnieżko
The paper is a general review on anther and pollen culture in vitro. It is addressed to the reader. who does not work in this field. Some aspects of application of the methods in vitro culture for plant breeding is pointed out. In vitro microspores, inside the anther loculus are stimulated to development into haploid callus or embrioids. The embrioids could be regenerated to fully grown plants. By the androgenesis in vitro it is possible to obtain haploid. autodiploid and poliploid plants. These plants can be used in breeding to improve the horticultural varieties. Already some new varieties of tobacco. wheat. corn and rice are under crop. mainly in Southern Asia. There was found that plants and their pollen tubes show similar growth rate and resistance to stresses. The test of pollen grains germinating in vitro in media with some stressing substances e.g. bacterial toxines or herbicides. can help to appoint the plant which is most suitable as pollinator in breeding programme.
Słowa kluczowe: anther. microspore, pollen. androgenesis. culture in vitro
Strony: 23-33
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Akumulacja wolnej proliny jako przejaw metabolicznej reakcji roślin na działanie stresu wodnego [Free proline accumulation as a metabolic response of plants to the action of water stress]
H. Bandurska
A water stress may arise either from an excessive water contents (flooding) or from an insufficient water activity in the plants environment. In the case of terrestrial plants in nature, the latter occurs as a result of water deficit or drought and is called a water deficit stress (shortened water deficit or water stress) or drought stress. One of the typical responses of plants to the action of water stress is an accumulation of free proline. The amount of this amino acid accumulated during the same stress conditions is different for various species and even for various cultivars of the same species. It was noted that water stress stimulates free proline formation from glutamic acid with simultaneous inhibition of its oxidation. The physiological significance of proline accumulation has not been absolutely clarified yet. Because the amount of accumulated proline is positively correlated with dehydration of tissue some authors considered this phenomenon as a symptom of injury [1,27,38,70, 1351.On the other hand, many investigators suppose that free proline is a factor adapting plants to water stress conditions [13, 53, 54, 98, 1141. Several possible roles of proline have been postulated: osmoregulation, stabilization of proteins, prevention of enzymes, regulation of cytoplasmic pH level, and conservation of nitrogen and energy for post-stress period. So, it is suggested, in spite of lack an univocal correlation between proline accumulation and plants resistance to water stress, that this amino acid may be a factor adapting plants to water stress conditions. But it must be noticed, that proline accumulation upon sever or prolonged water stress is an effect of irreversible and unfavourable alterations, such as proteins or chlorophyll degradation, and then may be a symptom of injuries.
Słowa kluczowe: proline accumulation, water stress, osmoregulation, pH regulation, proteins stabilisation
Strony: 35-46
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 47-48
Aleksander Ślendziński
Alicja Zemanek
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 49-51
Bogusław Molski
Szczepan Pieniążek
Janina Satczek
Andrzej Jankun
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 51-58
M. H. Leszczyc-Sumiński
Cezary W. Domański
Dr Z. Radwańska-Paryska – 90-lecie urodzin [90th anniversary of birth]
R. W.-B.
Mgr H. Stasiak – 80-lecie urodzin [80th anniversary of birth]
R. W.-B.
40-lecie Tatrzańskiej Stacji Terenowej Zakładu Ochrony Przyrody PAN [40 years of the Tatra Field Station in Zakopane]
Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa
Pro memoria (Wojciech Adamski, Witold Fusek, Kazimierz Filipowicz, Franciszek Herbich, Władysław Jabłonowski, Jan Jachno, Szymon Syreński, Franciszek Wawrzyniak)
Zbigniew Mirek
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 58-60
Polsko-szwedzkie seminarium geobotaniczne [Scientific meeting reports Polish-Swedish geobotanical seminary]
Włodzimierz Pisarek, Hieronom Andrzejewski
IV Międzynarodowy Kongres Mikologiczny (IMC 4)t (Regensburg, 28.VIII.-03.IX.1990) [4th International Mycological Congress (IMC 4), (Regensburg, 28.VIII.-O3.IX.1990)]
Piotr Zajkowski, Katarzyna Prus
Seminarium RWPG/IUCN ma temat: Problemy ochrony gatunkowej roślin i zwierząt (Zakopane, 24-26.X. l9S9) [Scientific seminar CMEA/IUCN The problems of plant and animal species protection (Zakopane, 24-26.X. 1989)]
Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa
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Botanika za granicą [Botany abroad]
Strony: 60-61
Brytyjskie Towarzystwo Lichenologiczne [The British Uchen Society]
Krystyna Czyżewska
100-lecie Szwajcarskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego [100 years of the Swiss Botanical Society]
R. W.-B.
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society news]
Strony: 61-64
Sprawozdanie z działalności PTB w 1990 roku [Polish Botanical Society in 1990]
Barbara Sudnik -Wójcikowska, Maria Ławrynowicz
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Varia
Strony: 64-70
Nowe władze Komitetu Botaniki PAN [New authorities of the Botanical Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences]
R. W.-B.
Wytwórnia Filmów Naukowych Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego [Scientific film atelier at the Szczecin University]
Jadwiga Jasnowska
Karykatury Profesora Karola Starmacha [Cartoons of Professor Karol Starmach]
Jadwiga Siemińska
Czy Europejczycy zawlekli okrzemkę Asterionella formosa na Nową Zelandię? [Did Europeans bring along the diatom Asterionella formosa to New Zealand?]
Jadwiga Siemińska
Leksykon botaników polskich [Dictionary of Polish botanists]
Tomasz Majewski, Zbigniew Mirek, Alicja Zemanek
Leksykon botaników polskich [Dictionary of Polish botanists] – Antoni Józef Żmuda
Alicja Zemanek
Aleksander Józef Ślendziński (Śleńdziński)
Alicja Zemanek
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New journals and series]
Strony: 71-72
Przegląd periodyków lichenologicznych powstałych w latach osiemdziesiątych [A review of lichenological periodicals]
Krystyna Czyżewska
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Informacja botaniczna [Botanical information]
Strony: 73-73
Międzynarodowy Informator Mykologiczny [International Mycological Directory]
Alina Skirgiełło
Ogrody Botaniczne Świata [Informator. International Directory of Botanic Gardens]
R. W.-B.
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Muzea, archiwa, zbiory [Museums, archives, collections]
Strony: 74-78
Najstarsze zbiory Muzeum Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego [The oldest collections in the Museum of Botanic Garden, Jagiellonian University]
Piotr Köhler
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Ogrody botaniczne i arboreta [Botanic gardens and arboreta]
Strony: 78-81
Propozycja metodyki opracowania dokumentacji oceny stanu zdrowotnego drzew pomnikowych. Evaluation of health conditions of monumental trees – a proposal of method
Andrzej Kurdziel. Andrzej Gruszczyk
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 81-85
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 85-86
