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Funkcjonowanie fotosyntezy w łodygach i jej znaczenie dla bilansu węglowego rośliny [Stem photosynthesis and its importance to the carbon budgets of plants]
Maciej Kocurek, Krzysztof Tokarz, Jan Pilarski
In herbaceous plants, most stems contain chlorophyll (even in the epidermis) giving them a visible green colour. The lignified plant stems also contain chlorophyll-rich tissues (chlorenchyma) beneath the cork layer. Green tissues are capable of carrying the photosynthesis using either external or internal sources of CO2. The photosynthetic activity of stems depends on the intensity and spectral composition of light. These parameters are reflected in the proportions of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids. Because of poorer light conditions generally, the stems of herbaceous and lignified plants usually contain less photosynthetic pigments (per dm2) than the leaves of the same plant. In leaves of C3 plants, atmospheric air provides CO2 for photosynthesis. In C4 and CAM plants, atmospheric CO2 is initially bound in the form of organic acids. In stems of C3 plants, there are many sources of CO2 for photosynthesis including: atmospheric CO2 and CO2 derived from in situ respiration of stems and roots, as well as dissolved CO2 transported via xylem. Recent research indicates that stems of herbaceous or lignified plants may conduct the photoassimilation process in the manner characteristic of C4 plants. In terms of stem photosynthesis, the herbaceous and lignified plants can be divided into three groups: (I) CAM desert plants, (II) C3 and C4 plants of a tropical climate zone, adapted to seasonal water shortages, (III) herbaceous and lignified C3 plants of a temperate climate zone. The net stem photosynthesis in plants of the first two groups can attain high values ranging from 6 to 21 μmol (CO2) · m–2 · s–1. In contrast, in the third group, the photosynthesis is usually non-measurable, and may be in the range of up to 1 μmol (CO2) · m–2 · s–1. This process is sometimes manifested only as in decreased CO2 efflux levels. The photosynthetic activity in stems of plants in the third group is undoubtedly lower than that of leaves, but still higher than manifested by the measurements of net photosynthesis. The reason is that the stem photosynthesis means CO2 refixation, that can amount to ca 60–80% of the quantity of this gas produced in respiratory processes.
Słowa kluczowe: corticular photosynthesis, CO2 exchange, internal CO2, stem respiration
Strony: 7-20
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Galindowie i Krzyżacy – oddziaływania na lokalną roślinność w rejonie Miłek i Staświn (Kraina Wielkich Jezior Mazurskich,połnocno-wschodnia Polska) [Galindians and Teutonic Knights – their impact on local vegetation in Miłki and Staświny area (the Great Mazurian Lake District, NE Poland)]
Agnieszka Wacnik
The Holocene history of vegetation in the Great Mazurian Lake District area is quite well recognized except its youngest part. Among dozens of pollen profiles worked out after 1965, only ten contains sediments, which were deposited continuously from the Roman Period till present and only two of them, both presented in this paper, have radiocarbon chronology of these parts. On the basis of palynological studies of Lakes Miłkowskie and Wojnowo deposits some aspects of human impact on vegetation in the selected micro-region (Miłki – Staświny) of the Great Mazurian Lake District were considered. The main goals were: analysis of the relationship between local settlement history and changes of vegetation from the 1st century AD till the end of 16th century AD; establishment of the initiation of large scale deforestation in the ‘Galindian forest’; studies of the settlement stabilization and intensification of agriculture. Archaeological and historical data were correlated with obtained palaeobotanical results. During the Roman Period one of the large Bogaczewo culture settlement center was located at Staświny site near the Lake Wojnowo shore and close to the Lake Miłkowskie. Palynological analysis of deposits from these lakes showed that during this time the studied area was overgrown by different types of woodlands. Only small clearings were formed by man with fi re and used as fields and pastures. Characteristic high representation of birch suggests periodic usage of the openings for agriculture. The beginning of formation of large openings in the woodlands at the Galindian territory is still an open question. Pollen analysis has proved that in some part of Galindians land large scale deforestation took place in the 11th century, what means that the process started a few centuries earlier than it is suggested by written sources. The area was highly deforested and intensively used as arable land mostly for cereals, hemp, buckwheat and flax cultivation. Pastures and meadows covered extensive areas. In case of Lakes Wojnowo and Miłkowskie we can suppose that stable settlement in their immediate vicinity was formed in the Early Mediaeval Time before Teutonic Order invasion and much earlier than it is confirmed by historical data (existence of Miłki and Staświny villages is historically confirmed from 1475 AD).
Słowa kluczowe: pollen analysis, human impact on vegetation, settlement history, Bogaczewo Culture, Teutonic Order in Prussia, Great Mazurian Lake District
Strony: 21-34
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Przebieg procesu infekcji w układzie symbiotycznym rośliny motylkowate-Rhizobium [The infection process during legume-Rhizobium symbiosis]
Marzena Sujkowska
During the course of the development of nitrogen-fixing root nodules, tubules called infection threads (ITs) are cooperatively formed to deliver the bacterial symbiont from the root surface to the cells of the developing nodule. The ITs, a plant-derived tubular structure filled with dividing and growing bacteria, initiates from a kink curl of root hair cell and than traverses several underlying cortical cell layers to delivery bacteria to the nodule primordium. In legumes such as pea and soybean, the root hair IT is an intercellular space which represent an apoplastic (extracellular) tunnel into the root cells. Bacteria are released from the ITs through infection droplets, thereby entering the cytoplasm of the nodule cells, and differentiate into organelle-like symbiosomes. Subsequent division of the symbiosomes ultimately results in infected cells that become fully packed with N2-fi xing bacteroids. The IT growth and the mechanism by which the IT spreads from cell to cell through the developing nodule remains still open. This review will present a part of the infection process, particularly in legumes that form indeterminated nodules. Indeterminated-type nodules present a unique opportunity to observe many developmental stages in a single nodule because their meristem continually generates new cells that undergo infection
Słowa kluczowe: infection threads, root nodules, symbiosis
Strony: 35-53
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 55-56
Kazimierz Kostrakiewicz (1907-1975)
Piotr Köhler
Wilhelmina Stec-Rouppertowa (1903-1988)
Piotr Köhler
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 57-72
Dr Edward Bróż (1940-2008). Życie i dzieło [Dr Edward Bróż (1940-2008). Life and work]
Stanisław Cieśliński, Alojzy Przemyski, Małgorzata Szyszka
Wspomnienie o prof. dr hab. Eugenii Pogan (15 IX 1919 – 28 XI 2007) [Obituary for Professor Eugenia Pogan (15 IX 1919 – 28 XI 2007)]
Andrzej Joachimiak
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 72-77
Seria wydawnicza “Nasze Drzewa Leśne” – w setną rocznicę urodzin Stefana Białoboka [‘Our Forest Trees’ editorial series in 100th anniversary of Stefan Białobok]
Adam Boratyński
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Leksykon botaników polskich [Dictionary of Polish botanists]
Strony: 77-86
Tadeusz Stanisław Tacik
Piotr Köhler
Franciszek (Franz) Herbich
Piotr Köhler
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 86-93
VIII Ogólnopolskie Spotkanie Naukowe “Biologia traw” (Kraków, 20-21 listopada 2008) [8th All-Polish Scientific Meeting ‘Grass biology’ (Cracow, Poland, 20-21 November 2008)]
Ludwik Frey, Marta Mizianty
XV Kongres Europejskich Mikologów (Sankt Petersburg, 16-21 września 2007) [XV Congress of European Mycologists (Saint Petersburg, 16-21 September, 2007)]
Maraia Ławrynowicz, Dominika Ślusarczy
Murawy kserotermiczne regionu kujawsko-pomorskiego – stan zachowania, ochrona i perspektywy (Bydgoszcz, 28-30 maja 2009) [Xerothermic grasslands of the Kujawsko-Pomorski region: state of preservation, protection and perspectives (Bydgoszcz, Poland, 28-30 May 2009)]
Elżbieta Cieślak, Wojciech Paul, Magdalena Szczepaniak
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society new]
Strony: 93-131
Sprawozdanie z działalności Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego w 2008 roku [Polish Botanical Society in 2008]
Halina Galera, Anna Mikuła
IX Konkurs Dendrologiczny “Znam drzewa i krzewy” w Częstochowie [IX Dendrological Competition in Częstochowa ‘I know trees and shrubs’]
Jarosław Sieradzki
Konferencja naukowa Sekcji Paleobotanicznej Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego “50 rocznica publikacji pierwszego polskiego podręcznika palinologii” (Kraków, 25 kwietnia 2009) [The Conference of Palaeobotanical Section of the Polish Botanical Society ’50th anniversary of the first Polish palynological handbook publishing’ (Kraków, 25 April 2009)]
Dorota Nalepka
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Varia
Strony: 131-141
Przemówienie na promocji książki Skarby przyrody i krajobrazu Polski, Zamek Królewski, Warszawa, 14 października 2008 [Author’s speech upon promotion of the book Treasures of Nature and Landscape in Poland, King Castle, Warsaw, October 14, 2008]
Romuald Olaczek
Uroczysta promocja [Grand promotion]
Maria Ławrynowicz
Zarośnięte pąki śpiące – nieznana forma teratologiczna u drzew [Cicatrized dormant bugs – an unknown teratological form among trees]
Czesław Greń
Doc. dr hab. Halina Bednarek-Ochyra – laureatką nagrody im. Jill Smythies przyznawanej przez Towarzystwo Linneuszowskie w Londynie [Doc. dr hab. Halina Bednarek-Ochyra – Jill Smythies Prize Winner Awarded by the Linnaean Society]
Konrad Wołowski
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Poezje botaników [Poetry of botanists]
Strony: 141-141
Tak pośrodku
Tadeusz Załuski
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Botanika na wesoło [Fun botany]
Strony: 141-142
Na cieszyniankę – bis; Na (wiosenną) cieszyniankę; Na nietypowego draba (czyli parę słów o głodku)
RWB
Przewodnik dla studentów botaniki i zoologii, którzy niżej wymienione zwierzęta mylą z roślinami i grzybami [Guide for students of botany and zoology who below mentioned animals mistake with plants and fungi]
Lidia Nowak
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New periodicals and series]
Strony: 142-143
Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis
Jan J. Wójcicki
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 143-174
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 174-177
Jan J. Wójcicki
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Literatura botaniczna [Botanical literature]
Strony: 177-178
Jan J. Wójcicki
