PDF
Rośliny w skażonym metalami ciężkimi środowisku poprzemysłowym. Część I. Pobieranie, transport i toksyczność metali ciężkich (śladowych) [Plants in postindustrial sites, contaminated with heavy metals. Part I. Uptake, transport and toxicity of heavy (trace) metals]
Monika Siwek
This paper summarizes the knowledge about increasing (trace) metals contamination of biosphere in aspect to the plant mineral content and the effect of metal’s toxicity on plant. Anthropogenic enrichment of soil and air by chemical elements resulted from human activities as mining, smelting, pesticides or vehicle exhausts causes changies in the metal balance in ecosystems. There are some factors that affect metal uptake by plant – abiotic (e.g. soil structure, organic matter and pH, metal concentration and bioavailability, metal interaction) and biotic factors (e.g. root excudation or root structure). The root cell wall is the first place of the metal’s exchange and accumulation. Transport of cations (radial and vertical) in roots take place mainly in apoplast. Endodermis is the important barier for metal transport to shoots. The toxic metal’s uptake and transport to cells take place mainly by the competition with nutrients for the same transmembrane carriers. Increasing concentration of heavy metals in plant cells, tissues and organs causes changes in plant morphology, physiology and ultrastructure, e.g. inhibition/reduction of stem and root growth, leaf necrosis and chlorosis, reduction in biomass yield, nutrient defficiency, damages of the photosynthetic apparatus, changes of rate of transpiration, necrosis of male and female archespore cells in flower buds, disturbances/necrosis during male and female gametophyte development and embryogenesis, chromosome aberrations, alternation of RNA and DNA synthesis, inhibition of enzyme activities, bloking of essential functional groups in biomolecules or production of reactive oxygen species.
Słowa kluczowe: heavy metals, industrial human activity, mineral nutrition, phytotoxicity
Strony: 7-22
PDF
Biologiczne sposoby oczyszczania środowiska – fitoremediacja [Phytoremediation as a biological method of cleaning up the environment]
Monika Siwek
Human activity causes the contamination of biosphere; soil, water and air by heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticides, fertilizers, organic pollutants, vehicle exhausts. Traditional technology of cleaning up environment is expensive and in recent times bioremediation plays increasing role in effective decontamination. Phytoremediation is the biological method, used to remove, transforme or stabilize contaminants located in water, soil and air. The term includes such techniques as: phytostabilization, phytoextraction, phytofiltration, phytovolatilization and phytodegradation. The plant requires to phytoremediation should possess (1) ability to accumulate metal(s), (2) tolerance to elevated metal(s) concentration, (3) fast growth. Genetic engeenering is trying to obtain transgenic plants for enhancing efficiency of phytoremediation.
Słowa kluczowe: bioremediation, phytoremediation, post-industrial sites, reclaimation, revegetation
Strony: 23-28
PDF
Co chromosomy mowią o ewolucji roślin? [ What can we learn about evolution from plant chromosomes?]
Jolanta Małuszyńska, Agnieszka Brąszewska-Zalewska, Marta Hosiawa-Barańska
Plants vary enormously in their genome size, structure, organization and the chromosome number and shape as a consequence of millions years of evolution. Comparative cytogenetic analysis of different karyotypes indicated signifi cant contribution of chromosomal rearrangements to plant evolution. Chromosomal rearrangements such as inversion, translocation and duplication are common. They range from the part of a gene to chromosomal fragment and very often they are difficult for detection with traditional cytogenetic methods. Recent development of molecular cytogenetic techniques opened new possibilities for analysis of chromosome structure. Localization of various DNA sequences, especially repetitive sequences, and recently BAC clones, enabled identification of particular chromosomes or whole genomes in nucleus of many plant species. These investigations have provided new data on chromosomal rearrangements and on great importance of polyploidization and diploidization processes in plant evolution. Molecular and cytological technologies have revealed many novel paleopolyploids, which have been traditionally considered as diploids. The most of angiosperms have experienced polyploidization in their evolutionary history. On the other hand, genetic and epigenetic modifications are leading factors promoting genetic diploidization. Five processes: polyploidization, transposon amplification, chromosome breakage, unequal homologous recombination, and illegitimate recombination are considered as the major mechanisms generating chromosomal variation during evolution. Polish cytogenetics has significant contribution to plant genome investigation. Karyotyping and genome size analyses have been developed in many laboratories. Chromosome engineering techniques were introduced to basic studies and plant breeding programs. Nowadays the newest techniques of molecular cytogenetics are widely applied to phylogenetic investigations.
Słowa kluczowe: chromosomes, evolution, FISH genome, molecular cytogenetics, polyploids
Strony: 29-38
PDF
Dziko rosnące rośliny jadalne w ankiecie Jozefa Rostafińskiego z roku 1883 [Wild edible plants in Jozef Rostafiński’s questionnaire of 1883]
Łukasz Łuczaj
This paper presents an analysis of 136 letters, written as a response to a detailed ethnobotanical query initiated by Józef Rostafiński in 1883. The aim of the study was to extract information concerning the use of edible plants. The letters collect information from many areas of Poland, mainly the south (Galicja), west (Wielkopolska), the Warsaw area and the present area of Belarus and Ukraine, giving a detailed account of wild edible plants used in the 19th century. Eighty-two taxa of edible plants were identifi ed at least to the generic level. Most edible species belonged to the category of green vegetables. The most commonly used species included Rumex, Chenopodium and Urtica spp. In the times of food shortages in the south of Poland people also used the green parts of Oxalis spp., Raphanus raphanistrum, Sinapis arvensis, Tilia spp., Cirsium rivulare, C. oleraceum, C. arvense, Symphytum offi cinale and Convolvulus arvensis, whereas in lowland Poland Silene inflata, Anchusa arvensis and Fallopia convolvulus were used. In the present area of Belarus Aegopodium podagraria, Heracleum sphondylium and Plantago sp. green parts were added to soups. In the present area of Ukraine Lamium album and Aegopodium podagraria leaves were added to soups and Tussilago farfara leaves were used as food parcel wrapping. Generally, few species were used for raw salads, mainly those from the genera Taraxacum, Veronica and Cardamine used by landowners and townspeople. Only three species with edible underground parts were identified, i.e. Elymus repens, Stachys palustris and Polypodium vulgare. The most commonly used species of dry seeds and fruits were Glyceria fluitans (for soups), Carum carvi (as spice), Bromus secalinus (for famine flour). The culinary use of Trapa natans and Nymphaea alba seeds was also recorded. Among fleshy fruits Vaccinium myrtillus was recorded most frequently. The analysed letters increase our knowledge of the number of edible plants used in Poland within the last 200 years to over 140 species (ca. 5% of the flora). The letters contain information on the use of species which was not reported by any other Polish ethnographic work, probably due to the fact that their use became obsolete, e.g. Anchusa arvensis, Silene inflata, Cardamine pratensis, Fallopia convolvulus and an aquatic Veronica species.
Słowa kluczowe: ethnobotany, famine food, Belarus, Poland, Ukraine
Strony: 39-50
PDF
Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 51-52
Edward Huckel (1830-1896)
Piotr Köhler
Jan Kornaś (1923-1994)
Zbigniew Mirek
PDF
Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 53-58
Profesor Stanisław Marek był naszym przyjacielem [Professor Stanisław Marek was a friend of us]
Janina Jasnowska
Wspomnienie o ś.p. Profesorze Stanisławie Marku (26 VII 1925-7 VII 2007) [Obituary for Professor Stanisław Marek (26 VII 1925-7 VII 2007)]
Beata Zagórska-Marek
Wspomnienie o dr Marii E. Pautsch wygłoszone nad Jej trumną w dniu pogrzebu 26 lutego 2008 roku [A recollection of Dr. Maria E. Pautsch expressed upon her coffin on the day of her funeral, 26 February 2008]
Ewa Zastawniak
PDF
Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 58-62
70. rocznica urodzin Dr Aleksandry Kohlman-Adamskiej i Dr Marii Ziembińskiej-Tworzydło [70th anniversary of Dr Aleksandra Kohlman-Adamska’s and Dr Maria Ziembińska-Tworzydło’s birth]
Ewa Zastawniak
Pro memoria (S. Kownas, A. S. Bursa, H. Siwicka (Tarwidowa), K. Jurkiewicz, K. S. Kaznowski, K. Starmach, W. Czerwiński)
Aalicja Zemanek
PDF
Leksykon botaników polskich [Dictionary of Polish botanists]
Strony: 63-71
Edward Antoni Hückel
Piotr Köhler
Kazimierz Jan Wasylik
Piotr Köhler
PDF
Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 71-85
LAS – Leśna Akademia Szkolna w Szkole Podstawowej nr 114 w Krakowie (Kraków, 23-27 kwietnia 2007) [Forest Days in the Primary School No 114 w Krakowie (Kraków, 23-27 April 2007)]
Grażyna Szarek-Łukaszewska
Sesja terenowa Oddziału Warszawskiego PTB “Pod urokiem ogrodów” (Park w Arkadii pod Łowiczem, 17 czerwca 2007) [Session of the Warsaw Division of Polish Botanical Society ‘Under the spell of the gardens’ (Park in Arkadia near Łowicz, 17 July 2007)]
Halina Galera
XXXVI Ogólnopolska Konferencja Ogrodów Botanicznych pt. “Znaczenie nowych ogrodów botanicznych dla lokalnych społeczeństw i rozwoju regionalnego” (Kielce, 15.-16.10.2007) [XXXVI National Conference of Botanical Gardens: ‘Role of new botanical gardens for the local communities and regional development’ (Kielce, 15-16 October 2007)]
Bożena Łuszczyńska, Janusz Łuszczyński
Konferencja “Eurasian Perspectives on Environmental Archaeology” Annual Conference of the Association for Environmental Archaeology (AEA), September 12-15, 2007, Poznań, Poland [Eurasian Perspectives on Environmental Archaeology’ Annual Conference of the Association for Environmental Archaeology (AEA), September 12-15, 2007, Poznań, Poland]
Agnieszka Wacnik
PDF
Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society news]
Strony: 86-113
Sprawozdanie z działalności Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego w 2007 roku [Polish Botanical Society in 2007]
Anna Mikuła
Zebrania Sekcji Historii Botaniki PTB w 2007 roku [Meetings of the Section of History of Botany of the Polish Botanical Society in the year 2007]
Izabela Krzeptowska-Moszkowicz
PDF
Z prac Komitetu Botaniki PAN [The Committee on Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences Activity]
Strony: 114-124
Komitet Botaniki Polskiej Akademii Nauk w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu [Activity of the Committee on Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences in the last decade]
Adam Boratyński, Waldemar Żukowski
Stanowisko Komitetu Ochrony Przyrody PAN w sprawie uprawiania w Polsce roślin genetycznie zmodyfikowanych (GM) [Cultivation of genetic modified plants (GM) in Poland in the opinion of the Committee on Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences]
Zbigniew Mirek
Stanowisko Komitetu Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauk w sprawie Puszczy Białowieskiej [Statement of the Committee on Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences in the question of Białowieska Forest]
Zbigniew Mirek
PDF
Varia
Strony: 124-142
Dziewiętnastowieczny polski klucz do oznaczania okrzemek [19th century’s Polish key for identification of diatoms]
Jadwiga Siemińska
Hildegarda z Bingen (1098-1179) – średniowieczna znawczyni przyrody [Hildegarda from Bingen – mediaeval expert of nature]
Ludwik Frey
Świadectwo Białoruskiego Paleobotanika [Testimony of the Belarussian Palaeobotanist]
Feliks Yu. Velichkevich
Szafranologia – czyli rzecz o szafranie [Saffronology – few words about saffron]
Dominika Kustosz
Uzupełniona lista publikacji doktora Mieczysława J. Dąbrowskiego [List of publications by Mieczysław J. Dąbrowski supplemented]
PDF
Poezje botaników [Poetry of botanists]
Strony: 142-143
Libretto; Ławka; Uwertura wiosenna; Wiosna w górach
Agnieszka Nikel
PDF
Botanika na wesoło [Fun botany]
Strony: 143-145
Ballada o wzorze filotaktycznym [Ballad of the philotactic pattern]
Wiesław Fałtynowicz
Leksykon idiomów botanicznych z objaśnieniami [Lexicon of botanical idioms with explanations]
Lidia Nowak, Barbara Znamierowska
Na badaczki buka; Na chabra; Bella donna
RWB
PDF
Nowe periodyki i serie [New periodicals and series]
Strony: 145-146
Joannea – Botanik
Jan J. Wójcicki
PDF
Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 146-160
PDF
Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 160-164
Jan J. Wójcicki
PDF
Literatura botaniczna [Botanical literaturę]
Strony: 164-166
Jan J. Wójcicki
