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Jak i dlaczego giną nasze zespoły roślinne? [Recent decay of plant associations in Poland]
Jan Kornaś
About 1950 many projects concerning the phytosociological inventories of various regions in Poland were started. For the first time not only the natural community types, but also the anthropogenic ones were taken into account. A wide spectrum of regional monographs was published, containing complete phytosociological tables, often with detailed maps of the actual vegetation. Unexpectedly most of these data very soon acquired historical value, because of the far-going changes of vegetation during the last 30 years. These changes may be most precisely documented by repeating the former phytosociological surveys using one of the three possible methods: (1) repeating of phytosociological releves on permanently marked study plots, (2) collecting of new representative sets of releves on the whole area formerly studied and comparing the new phytosociological tables with the corresponding old ones, (3) renewed mapping of the actual vegetation in the area formerly mapped. The present paper discusses the results of application of all three of these procedures. Phytosociological studies carried out by Anna Medwecka-Kornas and the present author about 1950 in the Gorce Mts. and about 1960 in the Ojcow National Park were recently repeated. Far-going changes in both areas were discovered. In the Gorce Mts. from among 28 more important plant community types not less than 22 receded (1 community type extinct, 8 community types threatened with extinction in the nearest future, 13 community types rapidly retreating or becoming deeply transformed throughout the whole area – Tab. 1). These changes concerned both the natural plant communities of forests, tall forb stands, moss communities in springs, gravel beds on river banks, bogs and mires, etc., and the anthropogenic (secondary) communities of seminatural meadows and pastures as well as synanthropic communities of arable fields. In their stead only seven more or less ubiquitous community types expanded (Tab. 2). At the same time many species, both native and permanently established aliens, retreated, and a small group of most aggressive synanthropic newcomers considerably expanded. The causes for the vegetation changes in the lower-altitude areas of the Gorce Mts. were: (1) the devastation and ruderalization of riverside habitats, (2) the extension of built-up areas, (3) the construction of new roads and highways, (4) the conversion of meadows into monocultures of fodder grasses, (5) the modernization of agriculture, especially of the methods of weed control (cleaning of seed material and use of herbicides). The vegetation changes in the higher-altitude areas resulted from: (1) the depression of vitality of forest trees, especially conifers, apparently because of long-distance air pollution, (2) the increased intensity of timber exploitation, connected with the construction of new logging tracks, (3) the recession of seasonal grazing and desistance of hay-meadows utilization, (4) the expansion of tourist traffic in both summer and winter. In the Ojców National Park the most striking changes occurred in the acidophilous forest communities and the hay-meadows. The acidophilous mixed forest community Pino-Quercetum became nearly completely disintegrated due to the decay of coniferous trees, especially of fir (Abies alba), which was partly substituted by beech (Fagus silvatica). The shrub layer was invaded by the nitrophytes (Sambucus nigra, S. racemosa); in the field layer the acidophilous species retreated and their place was taken over by subneutrophilous species of forests, forest edges and felled forest areas; the moss layer disappeared nearly completely (Tab. 3). The rich hay-meadows Arrhenatheretum elatioris, which formerly occupied the valley bottoms in the park area, became highly impoverished (because of more intensive use and fertilization) or they were substituted by nitrophilous tall-forb vegetation, dominated by Urtica dioica (after cessation …
Słowa kluczowe: plant associations decay, Poland, Gorce Mts., Ojcow National Park
Strony: 7-16
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Trawy odporne na wysychanie [A report of a desiccation tolerant “resurrection” grasses from dryland areas]
D. F. Gaff, Y. A. Sutaryono, Z. Miszalski
A small proportion of grass species arę able to survive complete air-drying without suffering injury; leaves which arę literally as dry as straw, recover their full moisture content and green crisp texture in less than 24 h after rain. Following this, they recommence growth. In the dry state, they may remain ąuiescent but viable for two years. Thirty seven grass species possess this extraordinary resilience to rehydration. Their desiccation tolerance limits arę usually at or close to the theoretical optima! limit. Preliminary field studies indicate the most productive species. Some of these species also have good levels of salt tolerance. Protein content of dry viable foliage remains close to normal levels. The underlying mechanism of desiccation tolerance appears to involve a rapid hardening process in the early stages of water stress, during which protein synthesis is increased, presumably producing stress-stable protein. Also sugar content is increased and possibly has a stabilizing effect on cell membranes. Ecologically, resurrection grasses are well adapted for colonization of shallow soils in drought-prone regions.
Słowa kluczowe: drought tolerance, resurrection grasses, desert reclamation, salt tolerance
Strony: 17-22
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 23-24
Władysław Szafer (1886-1970)
Zbigniew Mirek, Jerzy Staszkiewicz
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 25-26
Dr Tadeusz Tacik (20.VII.1926-2.IV.1989)
Zbigniew Mirek
Mgr Anna Łobarzewska (17.VI.1910-3.X.1989)
Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa
Dr Jadwiga Zalewska-Sobczak
Krystyna Bytniewska
Doc. dr hab. Ligia Konopska-Waliszkiewicz
Krystyna Bytniewska
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 26-27
50-lecie pracy naukowej profesor Aliny Skirgiełło [Professor Alina Skirgiełło – 50 years of scientific activity]
Zbigniew Mirek
Pro memoria
Zbigniew Mirek
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 27-33
Sympozjum poświęcone pamięci prof. dr Zygmunta Czubińskiego (1912-1967) w 20 rocznicę jego śmierci (Kielce, 10.X.1987) [Symposium in commemoration of Professor Zygmunt Czubiński (1912-1967) – on 20th anniversary of his death (Kielce, 10.X.1987)]
Elżbieta Stachurska, Anna Treska
XLVIII Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego (Katowice, 6-9.IX.1989) [48th Congress of Polish Botanical Society (Katowice, 6-9.IX.1989)]
Zbigniew Mirek
IX Krajowy Zjazd Mikologiczny (Charzykowy, 28-29.IX.1989) [9th Polish Mycological Meeting (Charzykowy, 28-29.IX.1989)]
Jan Szymański
Sesja naukowa z okazji 250 rocznicy urodzin ks. Krzysztofa Kluka (Ciechanowiec, 4-5.IX.1989) [Scientific session on 250th anniversary of Rev. Krzysztof Kluk’s birthday (Ciechanowiec, 4-5.IX.1989)]
Piotr Köhler
X Konferencja Międzynarodowego Stowarzyszenia Ogrodów Botanicznych (Frankfurt nad Menem – 2-7.VIII.1987) [10th General Meeting and Conference of IABG (Frankfurt on Main – 2-7.VIH.1987)]
Maria Lankosz-Mróz
Pierwsze Naukowe Seminarium poświęcone pamięci Józefa Paczoskiego “Paczoski i współczesność” (Chersoń, 25-29.XI.1989) [First Scientific Seminar devoted to Józef Paczoski “Paczoski and the present time” (Chersoń, 25-29.IX.1989)]
Stanisław Balcerkiewicz, Karol Latowski
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Botanika za granicą [Botany abroad]
Strony: 33-33
Międzynarodowa Federacja Towarzystw Palinologicznych [International Federation of Palynological Societies]
Krystyna Wasylikowa
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society News]
Strony: 33-36
Nowy zarząd Główny PTB [New authorities of the Polish Botanical Society]
Maria Ławrynowicz:
Zmiana wysokości składek członkowskich [New member fees of the Polish Botanical Society]
Maria Ławrynowicz:
Nowi członkowie honorowi PTB [New honorary members of the Polish Botanical Society]
Zbigniew Mirek, Alicja Zemanek
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Varia
Strony: 36-38
Komitet Botaniki PAN w latach 1987-1989 [Botanical Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences in the years 1987-1989]
Teresa Mrozińska
Polskie Towarzystwo Storczykowe im. J. Warszewicza [Joseph Warszewicz Orchid Society of Poland]
Małgorzata Jagiełło
Szkota Podstawawowa w Barwicach im. prof. W. Szafera [Primary school in Barwice dedicated to Professor Władysław Szafer]
Antonina Leńkowa
Nadanie Zespołowi Szkól Ekonomicznych w Ćmielowie imienia prof. M. Raciborskiego [Joint Economical Schools in Ćmielów dedicated to Professor Marian Raciborski]
Piotr Köhler
“Jest w Warszawie mąż taki…” [“There is such a man in Warsaw…”]
R. W-B.
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New journals and series]
Strony: 38-39
Journal of Vegetation Science
Zbigniew Mirek
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Informacja botaniczna [Botanical information]
Strony: 39-40
Syntetyczne wykazy liczb chromosomów roślin naczyniowych [Synthetic lists of vascular plant chromosome numbers]
Zbigniew Mirek, Marta Mizianty
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 40-48
Morton A. G., History of Botanical Science, London-New York-San Francisco: Academic Press, 1981, 474 ss.
Alicja Zemanek
Redkie i isčezajuščie vidy prirodnoj flory SSSR, kultiviruemye v botaničeskich sadach i drugich introdukcionnych centrach strany, Moskwa: Izd. „Nauka”, 1983, 302 ss.
Alina Doroszewska
Lange O. L. et al. (red.), Physiological Plant Ecology III, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1983, 799 ss.
Jan Zurzycki
Lange O. L. et al. (red.), Physiological Plant Ecology IV, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1983, 799 ss.
Jan Zurzycki
Guittoneau G.-G., Huon A., Connaitre et reconnaitre la flore et la végétation méditerranéennes, Rennes: Oust France, 1983, 333 ss.
Bogdan Zemanek
Map of the natural vegetation of the member countries of the European Community and the Council of Europe, Strasburg, 1987, 81 ss.
Jan Kornaś
Vestergaard P., Hansen K. Distribution of vascular plants in Denmark, Copenhagen, 1989, 593 ss.
Jan Kornaś
Schultz J., Die Ökozonen der Erde, Stuttgart: Eugen Ulmer Verlag, 1988, 488 ss.
Jan Kornaś
Bärtels A., Farbatlas Tropenpflanzen, Stuttgart: Eugen Ulmer Verlag, 1989, 320 ss.
Jan Kornaś
Reisigl H., Keller R., Lebensraum Bergwald, Stuttgart-New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1989, 144 ss.
Jan Kornaś
Shugart H. H., A theory of forest implications of forest dynamics, New York-Berlin-Hedelberg-Tokyo: Springer Verlag, 1984, 278 ss.
Zbigniew Dzwonko
Škol’nik M. J., Alekseeva-Popova N. V. (red.), Rastenija v ekstremalnych uslovijach mineral’nogo pitanija. Ekologo-fiziologičeskije issledovanija, Leningrad: Izd. „Nauka”, 1983,177 ss.
Barbara Godzik
Nikitin W. W., Sornyje rastienia flory SSSR, Leningrad: “Nauka”, 1983, 454 ss.
Jan Siciński
Erdelska O., Embriologia krytosemennych rastlin, Bratislava: Vydavatel’stwo Slovenskej Akadémie Vied, 1981, 232 ss.
Ludwik Frey
Frisvoll A. A., A taxonomic revision of the Racomitrium canescens group (Bryophyta, Grimmiales), Trondheim: Norska Videnskabers Selskab Museet, 1983, 181 ss.
Ryszard Ochyra
Ireland R. R., Ley L. M., Type specimens of bryophytes in the National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa: National Museum of Canada, 1984, 69 ss.
Ryszard Ochyra
Cwietkowa N. N., Kriukowa Z. F., Czernobajewa T. A., Katalog literatury po mochoobraznym, Leningrad: Biblioteka AN ZSRR, 1932, 231 ss.
Ryszard Ochyra
Szljakow R. N., Konstantinowa N. A., Konspekt flory mochoobraznych Murmanskoj Oblasti, Apatyty: Akademia Nauk ZSRR, 1982, 228 ss.
Ryszard Ochyra
Bischler H., Marchantia L. The New World species, Vadur: J.Cramer, 1984, 228 ss.
Ryszard Ochyra
Mrozińska T., Zielenice (Chlorophyta). Edogoniowce (Oedogoniales), Kraków: PWN, 1984, 313 ss.
Joanna Z. Kadłubowska
