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Kurhany – dziedzictwo kultury w krajobrazie antropogenicznym strefy stepow i lasostepu – oczami archeologa i botanika [Kurgans – cultural heritage in the anthropogenic landscape of the steppe and forest steppe zones through the eyes of an archaeologist and botanist]
Aleksandra Rowińska, Barbara Sudnik-Wójcikowska, Ivan I. Moysiynko
Kurgans are man-made structures which form a characteristic and unique element of the Ukrainian landscape. Kurgans, known also as barrows or mounds, were built as burial sites by many cultures, from Neolithic times to the early Middle Ages. These conical or dome-shaped burial mounds may had a frame constructed of wood (where wood was available), stone or combination of wood and stone. The frame was covered by soil from the surrounding area forming characteristic mound shape. Each kurgan contained one or several graves with urns or skeletons. Kurgans have always been an object of interest. They have been plundered and robbed by looters for hundreds of years. The first archaeological investigations of kurgans were undertaken in the second half of the 18th century. Although they were explored by antiquarians and archaeologists for nearly 250 years, they were not considered interesting for botanists. Sporadic floristic observations of individual kurgans had been conducted before the Second World War. Complex floristic studies of kurgans were initiated in the first years of the 21st century and encompassed an area of over 32 000 km2. Among the 450 kurgans surveyed in 3 steppe zones and in a forest steppe zone, only 106 barrows, having the proper size and well-preserved plant cover, were selected for further study. The richness of the flora of evaluated kurgans exceeded 700 species and increased in each zone from south to north. It was found that the floristic composition of the kurgans reflects principles observed at much bigger scale in the flora of climatic/vegetation zones. In this paper the problem of protection and threats to the kurgans is discussed by archaeologist and botanist. Both of them recognize the exceptional value and importance of the barrows. Archaeologists point out that kurgans should be protected, at least, until it is possible to carry out explorations and complete documentation is obtained (which usually leads to complete or partial destruction of the kurgans). According to naturalists, kurgans should be permanently protected as a complex of microhabitats and a component of the landscape (steppe landscape in the past, at present – anthropogenic landscape) as well as site of rare species (particularly steppe species listed in the red data books) and plant communities included in the ‘Green Data Book of Ukraine’. Kurgans can, therefore, act as microcentres of biodiversity. Moreover, they could form part of a network of protected areas (steppe reserves) and other sites of high floristic value (e.g.: escarpments of river valleys, balkas, ravines, gorges). Kurgans could also play an important role in the future restoration of the steppe, at least locally. During the 20th century kurgans were under particular threat. They posed a serious problem for large-scale agriculture in the territory of the former USSR. Originally there were some 500 000 kurgans within the present territory of Ukraine. Today, however, only 50 000–100 000 kurgans have remain. At present, archaeological exploration of the kurgans is conducted within the ‘rescue program’ in areas designated for various development purposes. However, botanical expertise should precede archaeological field investigations. In spite of the apparent conflict of interest, a collaboration between archaeologists and botanists seems possible and is necessary for the better protection of the kurgans of particularly high floristic value. Appropriate legal regulations should, therefore, be implemented to ensure more effective protection of the kurgans.
Słowa kluczowe: importance of kurgans, refuge of steppe flora, exploration of kurgans, threat to kurgans, protection of kurgans
Strony: 7-20
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Rośliny arktyczno-alpejskie w Europie a zmiany klimatyczne [Arctic-alpine plants and climate change in Europe]
Katarzyna Marciniak
Arctic-alpine plant species in Europe are distributed in the north of the continent and in the mountains of the Alpine system. Plants adapted to cold climate appeared on Earth more than 30 Ma with the beginning of the climate cooling. First traces of the tundra vegetation on the northern hemisphere came from 2–3 Ma. The Pleistocene oscillations of temperature caused repeated migrations of the tundra plants leading to the arctic-alpine disjunction in their ranges. Contemporary distribution of the arctic-alpine species is strongly influenced by temperature and the type of substratum, while migrations affected the intra-specific variability of those plants. Phylogeographic studies, trying to reconstruct those Pleistocene migrations with modern molecular methods indicated the lack of a common model of migration, even for species with similar habitat requirements. The global warming may cause the partial loss of the intraspecific diversity of the arcticalpine plants and the expansion of genotypes more tolerant to higher temperatures. The temperature rising will undoubtedly make vegetation belts in the mountains to move up, while in the arctic areas, to the north. Important ways helping to survive adverse conditions by the arctic-alpine species are the ability to long distance dispersal and to find specific niches, sometimes hidden among the unsuitable habitats.
Słowa kluczowe: glaciation, phylogeography, Pleistocene migrations, refugia
Strony: 21-29
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Kolekcja zielnikowa Katedry i Zakładu Biologii i Botaniki Farmaceutycznej Gdańskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego [Herbarium of the Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany of the Medical University of Gdańsk]
Piotr Madanecki, Jadwiga Renata Ochocka, Katarzyna Ramczyk
Herbarium of the Departament of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany of the Medical University of Gdańsk is unique scientific collection in Northern Poland. About 32 000 specimens are stored in collection (vascular plants – 31 700 specimens, bryophytes – 300 specimens). It was found in 1950 and since then it has been valuable source of material for scientific studies (taxonomy, geobotany etc.). Collection includes mainly vascular plants from Northern Poland. Valuable part of materials are very rare species (also species threatened with extinction in region).
Słowa kluczowe: Herbarium, GDMA, Medical University of Gdańsk
Strony: 31-40
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Instytut Botaniki Polskiej Akademii Nauk – ogolnopolskie centrum badań i dokumentacji biorożnorodności roślin i grzybow – 145 lat tradycji [Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences – centre of investigation and documentation of plant and fungi biodiversity – 145 years of tradition]
Zbigniew Mirek
Early history of scientific institutions preceding the Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences is described to demonstrate the continuity of the 145 years’ tradition of botanical research. It goes back to the Physiographical Committee of the Scientific Society of Cracow (TNK), later transformed into the Physiographical Committee of the Academy of Sciences and Letters (AU) and – after World War I – of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters (PAU). The scientific and organizational legacy of the Committee constituted a main basis for the formation of the Institute of Botany PAS in the 1953. Main steps of this history are outlined in the paper.
Słowa kluczowe: Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Physiographical Committee of the Scientific Society of Cracow (TNK), Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters (PAU), history
Strony: 41-48
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 49-50
M. Łańcucka-Środoniowa (1913-1995)
Piotr Köhler
A. Środoń (1908-1998)
Piotr Köhler
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 51-66
Mgr Mieczysław Aleksander Mazaraki (1913-2003) – niezwykły nauczyciel, botanik, zoolog, historyk, tworca muzeum [Mieczysław Mazaraki (1913-2003) – unusual teacher, botanist, zoologist, historian, founder of museum
Władysław Wojewoda
Wspomnienie o doktorze Bolesławie Brzyskim (1931-2000) w dziesiątą rocznicę śmierci [A remembrance of dr. Bolesław Brzyski (1931-2000)]
Sławomir Florjan
Armen Leonowicz Tachtadżjan (1910-2009) [Armen Leonovich Takhtajan (1910-2009)]
Zbigniew Mirek, Jan J. Wójcicki
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 66-70
Pro memoria
Alicja Zemanek
Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski (18 III 1860 – 6 III 1939) – 150 rocznica urodzin [Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski (18 III 1860 – 6 III 1939) – 150th anniversary of birth]
Zbigniew Mirek
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Leksykon botaników polskich [Dictionary of Polish botanists]
Strony: 70-80
75. Adam Stanisław Jasiewicz – addendum
Piotr Köhler
76. Eufrozyn Włodzimierz Sagan
Ilona Jaworska, Sławomir Florjan
77. Irena Zofia Mazaraki
Piotr Köhler
78. Mieczysław Aleksander Mazaraki
Piotr Köhler
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 81-95
Tematyka paleobotaniczna i palinologiczna na sympozjach “Geologia formacji węglonośnych Polski” w latach 1976-2010 [Palaeobotanical and palynological topics on Symposiums ‘Geology of Coal-bearing Strata of Poland’ (1976-2010)]
Sławomir Florjan
Konferencja popularno-naukowa “Przyroda terenow pogórniczych” – (Bolesław, 28-29 października 2010) [Popular Science Conference ‘Nature of the post-mining areas’ (Bolesław, 28-29 October 2010)]
Barbara Godzik
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society news]
Strony: 95-116
Sprawozdanie z działalności Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego w latach 2007-2009 [Polish Botanical Society in 2007-2009]
Anna Mikuła
Terenowe warsztaty Sekcji Briologicznej PTB “Źrodliska i potoki Wysoczyzny Polanowskiej 2010”, Rzyczyca Mała, 2-5 września 2010 [Bryological workshop ‘Springs and streams of the Polanow Highland 2010’, Poland, Rzyczyca Mała, 2-5 September 2010]
Ewa Fudali
Relacja z LV Zjazdu Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego (Warszawa, 6-12 września 2010) [Report from the 55th Congress of the Polish Botanical Society (Warsaw, 6-12 September 2010)]
Katarzyna Marciszewska, Artur Obidziński
Sesja terenowa “Lasy, łąki i bagna południowej Litwy” na LV Zjeździe Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego (Dzukijski Park Narodowy, Litwa, 1-4 września 2010) [Field session ‘Forests, meadows and swamps of southern Lithuania’ on the 55th Congress of the Polish Botanical Society (Dzukija National Park, Lithuania, 1-4 September 2010)]
Stefania Loster
Werner Greuter – nowy, zagraniczny członek honorowy Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego [Werner Greuter, new foreign honorary member of the Polish Botanical Society]
Zbigniew Mirek
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Varia
Strony: 116-141
Władysława Szafera wypisy ze wspomnień [Władysław Szafer – selected memories]
Zbigniew Mirek
Nazwane imieniem Władysława Szafera [Named after Władysław Szafer]
Zbigniew. Mirek, Kaj Romeyko-Hurko
W cieniu Katynia [In the shadow of Katyń]
Zbigniew Mirek, Zdzisław Bednarz
Profesor Andrzej Środoń – paleobotanik z sercem na dłoni [Professor Andrzej Środoń – palaeobotanist with the heart of gold]
Leszek Starkel
Genetyczna kapsułka czasu? [Genetic time capsule?]
Michał Combik
Wykorzystanie nowych technik sekwencjonowania całych genomow do badania antycznego DNA [Recent whole genomes sequencing techniques in ancient DNA research]
Michał Combik
Laureaci czwartej edycji Medalu im. profesora Zygmunta Czubińskiego [The Zygmunt Czubiński Medal winners 4th editio]
Karol Latowski
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Poezje botaników [Poetry of botanists]
Strony: 142-143
Mistrz
RWB
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W krzywym zwierciadle [Skewed perspective]
Strony: 144-144
Omnes vivum ex vivo
Zbigniew Mirek
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Botanika na wesoło [Fun botany]
Strony: 144-145
Domorosłego wierszoklety spojrzenie na parytety
Zbigniew Mirek
Zastosowanie roślin w rożnych gałęziach gospodarki – cd.
Lidia Nowak
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Muzea, archiwalia, zbiory [Museums, archives, collections]
Strony: 145-147
Noc Muzeow oraz Dzień Otwartych Drzwi Muzeow Krakowskich w Muzeum Paleobotanicznym Instytutu Botaniki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego (2007-2010) [The Museum Night and Krakow Museums Open Day in the Palaeobotanical Museum of Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University (2007-2010)]
Sławomir Florjan
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Polemiki i dyskusje [Polemics and discussion]
Strony: 147-149
Czy polskiej florze zagraża inwazja orzecha włoskiego? [Is the Polish flora threatened by a walnut (Juglans regia) invasion?]
Janusz Guzik
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New periodicals and series]
Strony: 149-150
Abc Taxa
Jan J. Wojcicki
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 150-186
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 186-188
Jan J. Wójcicki
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Literatura botaniczna [Botanical literaturę]
Strony: 188-188
Jan J. Wójcicki
