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Wykorzystanie metod autokorelacji przestrzennej w badaniach zmienności genetycznej i modelowaniu procesów demograficznych populacji roślin [Applications of spatial autocorrelation methods to studies of genetic variation and modeling of demographic processes in plant populations]
Igor Chybicki, Jarosław Burczyk
The spatial pattern of genetic variation is an important feature of plant populations. Spatial genetic structure reflects the effects of mating system and gene flow or action of various forms of selection. Knowledge on the relationships between spatial structure and ecological factors may improve our understanding of population genetics and evolutionary processes in plant species. One useful method for the assessment of spatial genetic patterns is spatial autocorrelation analysis. This method tests whether the observed genetic variation deviate from random spatial distribution. This article presents statistical methods of spatial autocorrelation and investigates its usefulness for studying natural plant populations. We review some theoretical and experimental results which lead us to the conclusions that autocorrelation analysis has a sufficient statistical power for its applications in plant population genetics. General relationship between genetic models, as Isolation-By-Distance, and autocorrelation analyses is well known, mainly due to simulation studies. They indicate, that combination of limited seed and pollen dispersal results in consanguineous mating of neighbouring individuals and makes genetic variation non-randomly distributed, which reveals in family clumping. The spatial autocorrelation is capable to detect such patches of uniform genotypes. These methods allow us to infer about the size of genetically homogeneous patches directly from correlogram (eg. Fig 1.), which is the set of spatial indices, calculated as a function of distance between individuals or groups. Results of autocorrelation analyses of a wide variety of plant populations provide inferences that genes are not randomly distributed. In most they are clumped into homogeneous substructures, especially in herbal plants (Tab. 2).
Słowa kluczowe: spatial genetic structure, spatial autocorrelation, plant populations, gene dispersion
Strony: 7-18
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Biologia rozmnażania wiechliny – Poa L. (Poaceae) [The biology of reproduction in Poa L. (Poaceae)]
Anna Kłyś, Andrzej Jankun
A genus Poa L. is one of the largest among the grass family (400 – 500 species). Poa is a cosmopolitan genus. Its species are components of natural grasslands across the world; several species are incorporated into improved pastures; other species are well-known turf grasses. Flowers are predominantly hermaphrodite but many departures from this type occur in the New World (dioecism, gynomonoecism, gynodioecism). Dioecious is primarily a South American breeding system. Gynomonoecism is a Central and South American trait largely represented in Andean Peru and Bolivia. The genus Poa has extremely versatile mode of reproduction which ranges naturally from nearly obligate apomixis to complete sexuality. Sexual reproduction through either outcrossing or selfing is also possible in this genus. Although the mode of apomictic reproduction is known to be under genetic control, detailed genetic analysis is extremely difficult, due to the association of facultative apomixis with a high chromosome number and aneuploidy. It is important to add that facultative apomixis confers great adaptedness and evolutive potential on biotypes belonging to the genus Poa. This genus is an evolutionary success because it is characterized by a great variety of for example: morphology, biology, distribution, embryology. cytology, history of development and genetics and at the same time it keeps the potential for further evolutionary varieties. In this paper some problems of floral biology and reproduction in Poa are discussed.
Słowa kluczowe: Poa, grasses, dioecism, gynodioecism, apomixis
Strony: 19-28
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Szczątki roślinne towarzyszące wykopaliskom mamuta i nosorożca włochatego w Staruni (Ukraina) w latach 1907 i 1929 [Macroscopic plant remains associated with the excavations of mammoth and woolly rhinoceros at Starunia (Ukraine) in 1907 and 1929]
Wojciech Granoszewski
The article presents the history of palaeobotanical studies of plant macroscopic remains, associated with remnants of the extinct pleistocene mammals, i.e. mammoth and woolly rhinoceros excavated in Starunia (the Carpathian Mts), Ukraine (formerly in Poland) in 1907 and 1929.
Słowa kluczowe: tundra, Vistulian, Hengelo Interstadial, mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, Starunia, the Carpathians
Strony: 29-34
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Koegzystencja i koewolucja: różne poziomy wzajemnych oddziaływań I. Grzyby wewnętrzne (endofity) i ich biologiczne znaczenie w procesie koewolucji [Coexistence and coevolution: various levels of interactions I. Internal fungi (endophytes) and their biological significance in coevolution]
Andrzej Chlebicki
In recent years important advances have occurred in the investigation of coevolution of plants and fungi. The significance, occurrence and origin of the plant internal fungi are discussed. The grass e-endophytes of Neotyphodium spp. are analyzed as an example of various life strategy of fungi and supposed as a new source of genetic divergence of these fungi.
Słowa kluczowe: fungi, coevolution, grass internal fungi (endophytes), mutualism. antagonistic symbiose
Strony: 35-44
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Fotoperiodyczna indukcja kwitnienia roślin krótkiego dnia [Photoperiodic flower induction of short-day plants]
Grażyna Dąbrowska, Anna Goc, Andrzej Tretyn
Flowering of many plant species is induced by exposure to accurate photoperiod. It have been demonstrated that leaves or cotyledons are the sites of the photoperiodic perception. Phytochromes are essential components of the daylength-measuring mechanism, and which interact with the circadian rhythms. Recent development in plant molecular biology and genetics has revealed a direct relationship between genes expression and plant responses to developmental and environmental stimuli during flower induction. In this paper the some details related to molecular mechanism of floral induction in short-day plants and current stage of knowledge about their flowering have been described.
Słowa kluczowe: flowering, gene expression, Pharbitis nil
Strony: 45-54
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 55-56
Anna Wazówna
Alicja Saar-Kozłowska
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 57-58
Prof. dr Roman Marian Pachlewski (1923-2002)
Wanda Truszkowska
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 58-66
Wspomnienie o prof. Henryku Teleżyńskim (1905-1989) [A remembrance of Professor Henryk Teleżyński (1905-1989)]
Zygmunt Hejnowicz
Osiemdziesięciolecie urodzin i dwudziestolecie śmierci prof. dr hab. Andrzeja Nespiaka (1921-1981) [80th anniversary of birthday and 20th anniversary of death of Prof. Andrzej Nespiak (1921-1981)]
Wanda Truszkowska, Antoni Siewiński, Władysław Wojewoda
Pro memoria (K. Borowiczka, B. Erzepki, H. Zapałowicz, W. Niedziałkowski, B. J. Szafarkiewicz, B. Jerzykiewicz, K. Drymmer, A. Znamierowska, V. Torka, K. Moldenhawer, J. K. Łukaszewicz, J. Dyakowska)
Alicja Zemanek
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 66-79
Jubileuszowe XXV Sympozjum “Geologia formacji węglonośnych Polski” (Kraków, 17-18 kwietnia 2002) [25th Symposium “Geology of Coal-Bearing Strata of Poland” (Kraków, Poland, 17-18 April 2002)]
Sławomir Florjan
XVII Międzynarodowy Kongres International Association of Sexual Plant Reproduction Research (IASPRR) “Płciowe rozmnażanie roślin w naturze i laboratorium” (Lublin, 9-13 lipca 2002) [17th International Congress of International Association of Sexual Plant Reproduction Research (IASPRR) “Sexual Plant Reproduction in Naturę and the Laboratory” (Lublin, Poland, 9-13 July 2002)]
Joanna Strubińska
III Międzynarodowe Sympozjum nt. biologii Sphagnum “Sphagnum 2002” (Uppsala-Trondheim, Szwecja-Norwegia, 12-24 sierpnia 2002) [Third International Symposium on the biology of Sphagnum “Sphagnum 2002” (Uppsala-Trondheim, Sweden-Norway, 12-24 August 2002)]
Paulina Ćwiklińska
Szósta Europejska Konferencja Paleobotaniczno-Palinologiczna (Ateny, Grecja, 29 sierpnia – 2 września 2002) [6th European Palaeobotany-Palynology Conference (Athens, Greece, 29 August – 2 September 2002)]
Sławomir Florjan
XVI Zjazd Lichenologów Polskich (Olsztyn-Kalbornia, 9-14 września 2002) [16th Conference of Polish Lichenologists (Olsztyn-Kalbornia, Poland, 9-14 September 2002)]
Piotr Osyczka, Piotr Stolarczyk
Warsztaty briologiczne “Karkonosze 2002” (Karpacz, 13-17 września 2002) [Bryological workshop “Karkonosze Mts. 2002” (Karpacz, Poland, 13-17 September 2002)]
Ewa Fudali
Międzynarodowe warsztaty “Zastosowanie markerów molekularnych w badaniach nad roślinami” (Warszawa, 25-29 września 2002) [“Application of molecular markers in studies on plants” – International Workshop (Warsaw, Poland, 25-29 September 2002)]
Elżbieta Cieślak, Michał Ronikier, Magdalena Szczepaniak
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society News]
Strony: 79-89
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne w 2001 roku [Polish Botanical Society in 2001 (A. Stachurska-Swakoń)]
Alina Stachurska-Swakoń
II Konkurs Dendrologiczny w Częstochowie „Znam drzewa i krzewy” [2nd Dendrological Competition in Częstochowa – “I know trees and shrubs”]
Jeremi Kołodziejek
Wiadomości Botaniczne 2002 46(3/4): 88-89.
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Varia
Strony: 89-103
Taksonomia i szachy [Taxonomy and chess]
Ludwik Frey
Rośliny w “Tajnej historii Mongołów” [Plants in the “Secret history of the Mongoł Peoples”]
Anna Pacyna
Leksykon botaników polskich: 43. Kazimierz Ernest [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 43. Kazimierz Ernest]
Piotr Köhler
Leksykon botaników polskich: 44. Franciszek Tondera [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 44. Franciszek Tondera]
Piotr Köhler
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New periodicals and series]
Strony: 103-104
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 104-121
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 121-122
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Literatura botanicza
Strony: 122-123
Jan J. Wójcicki
