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Grzyby keratynofilne w środowisku [Keratinophilic fungi in the environment]
Krzysztof Ulfig
Keratinophilic fungi are widely known to occur in soil. It is assumed that these fungi play an important role in the decomposition of keratinous debris in this environment. Recently, more and more information has also been obtained on the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in the so-called anthropogenic habitats such as polluted waters and bottom deposits, sewage and sewage sludge, municipal solid wastes, and air. It results from the available data that keratinous debris are the main and common factor causing the presence, activity and composition of keratinophilic fungi in certain soils and in the above mentioned habitats. Other important factors, for example organic matter content and pH are of modificatory significance. It is possible that keratinolytic fungi together with accompanying species of weaker keratinolytic abilities form appriopriate anthropogenic communities in keratin-amended habitats. Keratinophilic fungi can be also used as bioindicators of pollution and organic matter decomposition processes. Finally, some of them are of great importance for human and animal health because of pathogenic properties.
Słowa kluczowe: Keratinophilic fungi, TO-KA-VA hairbaiting method, soil dermatophytes
Strony: 5-10
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Rola wapnia w funkcjonowaniu systemów informacyjnych komórki roślinnej [The role of calcium in messenger system in plant cel]
Jan Bialczyk, Zbigniew Lechowski
The action of free Ca2+ ions as a secondary factor in transmitting information in a cell is connected with rapid and transient changes of their level in basal cytoplasm, resulting from their quick, two-way transport. Both, apoplast and cell organelle (chiefly endoplasmatic reticulum and mitochondria) play the part of Ca2+ ion store. The free Ca2+ ion concentration in a cell cytoplasm before stimulation amounts from 0.1 to 1 I’M and it can increase to about 10 I’M after the action of external stimulus (eg. light, gravitation, electric stimulation or phytohormones). It is evident, from comparison of free Ca2+ ion concentration in apoplast and cell organelles, that their level, compared to cytoplasm is 1 to 10 thousand times higher in them. Significant differences, similar to those in Ca2+ ion concentration, occur also in the electrochemical potential (cytoplasm from -120 to -170 m V, vacuole about -90 m V). It is evident from the above information that in a plant cell is abnormally high electrochemical gradient preferring passive transport of Ca2+ ions to cytoplasm. Maintaining a low level of free Ca2+ ions in cytoplasm requires a systematic removal of its excess to apoplast and cell organelle. The active Ca2+ -pumps (Fig. 1), situated in plasmalemma and in the membranes of cell organelles take part in the regulation of free Ca2+ ion level in cytoplasm. The level of free Ca2+ ions in cytoplasm detennines the degree of protein phosphorylation and the activity of some enzyme, thus stimulating a suitable response. Therefore the level of Ca2+ ions is a kind of a bridge between the perception place of an external stimulus and a definite intracellular response. The metabolism of phosphoinositides changes enable the inclusion of Ca2+ ions into the cell’s secondary information system (Fig. 2). The receptory system found within plasmalemma enables, after the action of an external stimulus, transmition of a signal, thus activating phospholipase C which hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ) to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DG). Both products compose central metabolites incorporated into different ways mediating in information transmitting from the cell surface into its interior. IP3 becomes tied with its specific receptor in the membranes of cell organelles, stimulating the excretion of Ca2+ ions into cytoplasm. In numerous reactions, in which calcium acts as a second messenger in a stimulus or chemical signal transmition, the response in a cell is not directly induced by Ca2+ ions but by the complex produced by its binding with a special class of proteins (calcium binding proteins, CBP). In a complex binding with Ca2+ ions, CBP undergo conformational changes which condition the ability to interaction with other proteins and also the growth of their chemical activity. Calmodulin (CaM) has been so far the most studied and the most generally shown CBP in controlling many biological processes. The increase of free Ca2+ concentration in cytoplasm from 1 to 10 I’M enables orginating Ca2+ -CaM complex as well as its biological activity. The active Ca2+-CaM interreacting with an apoenzyme induces, in the consequence of this reaction , also its specific, conformative changes thus activating a definite’ enzyme. The other way is Ca2+-CaM affecting on the regulatory system correlated with the protein kinase activation controlling the protein phosphorylation. The information from a signal flows from the cell surface to the interior through DG, another product of PIP2 hydrolyze, was confirmed. In the presence of Ca2+ ions it activates protein kinase C, directly catalyzing the protein phosphorylation. The article deals with level modifications of free Ca2+ ions mediating in various photoreception systems in cytoplasm and their influence on different photomorphogenetic processes. There were also considered the effects made by phytohormones and gravitation on the level of Ca2
Słowa kluczowe: calcium, calmodulin, phosphatidylinositols, second messenger
Strony: 11-30
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Zbiory botaniczne Polski na tle kolekcji światowych [Polish versus world botanical collections]
Zbigniew Mirek
On the basis of the 8th edition of Index Herbariorum [1] and the first issue of Polish Herbaria [2], short characteristic of both world and Polish botanical collections are presented in the paper. The most important information is synthetised in figures 1-3 and table 1. Importance of plant collections especially in the recent time of the great. extermination of the flora is stressed. It refers expecially to the most sensitive and rapidly extincting groups.
Słowa kluczowe: botanical collection, herbarium, Poland, world
Strony: 31-36
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Metoda atomowej spektroskopu absorpcyjnej i jej zastosowanie w fizjologii roślin [Atomic absorption spectroscopy and its aplication in plant physiology research]
Witold Reczyński, Tadeusz Bochnia
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) is one of analytical methods most often used in the elemental analysis of biological material. The basic phenomenon is the absorption of a photon of light (of definite energy, which corresponds to definite frequency and then to definite wavelength) by an atomic vapour containing free atoms of an element in the ground state. Transitions between two energy states are schematically presented in Fig. 1. Quantitatively this process is described by the Lambert-Beer law absorption of light is proportional to the concentration of a given element in the analyzed sample. Basing upon the scheme in Fig. 2 instrumental systems are described: emission system is a source of specific radiation. The hollow-cathode lamps [made of the elements which are to be determined] are most commonly used; absorption system generates the atomic vapour (Fig. 3) of the introduced liquid sample. Two methods can be distinguished: 1) flame AAS, where the sample is sprayed to the burner, and 2) flameless , where the electrothermal graphite atomizers or atomizers of cold vapours are applied; spectral and photometric syst.ems enable to select optical conditions (wavelength, slit, etc.) and to detect and measure the intensity of the light. beam. However AAS is a very specific technique, several interferences as matrix , chemical, ionisation and background absorption can occur. The methods of sample preparation and few examples of the use of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in plant physiology research are presented and discussed. As the method is suitable for determining about 69 elements, both micro- and macronutrients, it is assumed that it is one of the most useful methods of quantitative analysis of elements, applied in the field of plant physiology.
Słowa kluczowe: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), plant physiology
Strony: 37-45
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 47-48
Józef Warszewicz (1812-1866)
Alicja Zemanek
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 49-50
Dr Stefania Pokorny (10.X.1899-2.XI. 1988)
Grażyna H. Tomaszewicz, JanT. Siciński
Doc. dr Zofia Zalewska (20.V,1903-8.XII. 1987)
K Wiśniewska
Prof. dr Zygmunt Tobolewski (29.1.1927-16.VIII.1988)
R. W-B.
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 50-54
Dr Stanisława Pawłowska (22.VI.1905-20.IV.1985) – w 5 rocznicę śmierci [Dr Stanisława Pawlowska (22.VI.1905-20.IV.1985) – in 5th anniversary of her death]
Zbigniew Mirek, Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa
Czesława Prywer-Lidzbarska (25.XII. 1900-1965) – polska botaniczka w Meksyku [Czesława Prywer-Lidzbarska (25.XII. 1900-1965) – a Polish botanist, in Mexico]
Leszek S. Jankiewicz
Pro memoria – B. Dyakowski, I. Kosiński, M. Skalińska, B. Szakien, J. Włodek, S. Ziobrowski
Zbigniew Mirek
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 54-61
XIX Międzynarodowa Wycieczka Geobotaniczna (Polska, 7-26.VII.1989) [19th International Phytogeographic Excursion (IPE) (Poland, 7-26.VII.1989)]
Jan J. Wójcicki:
Sympozjum nt. “Późnoglacjalne i holoceńskie zmiany środowiska- dolina Wisły 1988” (Kraków, 15-21.VI.1988) [Lateglacial and holocene eiwironmental changes – Vistula Basin 1988 (Cracow, 15-21.VI. 1988)]
Danuta Nalepka
V Zjazd Słowackiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego (Tatrzańska Łomnica, 4-8.IX.1989) [5th Meeting of the Slovak Botanical Society (Tatrzańska Łomnica, 4-8.IX.1989)]
Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa
XII Międzynarodowe spotkanie europejskich botaników zajmujących się czwartorzędem (Czechosłowacja, 5-15.VI.1989) [12th International Meeting of Enropean Quaternary Botanists (Czechoslovakia, 5-15.VI.1989]
Wojciech Granoszewski
III Międzynarodowy Zjazd Sekcji Europejsko-Śródziemnomorskiej Międzynarodowej Organizacji Ogrodów Botanicznych (IABG) (Budapest-Vácrátót, 25.V-2.VI.1989) [3rd International Meeting of the Enropean-Mediterranean Division of the International Association of Botanic Gardens (Budapest-Vacratót (25.V-2.VI.1989)]
Maria Lankosz-Mróz
Zebranie Zespołu Historii Botaniki (Warszawa, 28.IX.1990) [Meeting of the Committee for Studies on the History of Botany (Warsaw, 28.IX.1990)]
Piotr Köhler
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Botanika za granicą [Botany abroad]
Strony: 61-62
Międzynarodowe Towarzystwo Lichenologiczne [International Association for Lichenology]
Krystyna Czyżewska
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society News]
Strony: 62-65
IX Spotkanie Sekcji Fykologicznej PTB (Poznań – Czerniejewo, 16-22.V.1990) [9th Meeting Phycological Section of Polish Botanical Society (Poznań – Czerniejewo,16-22.V.1990)]
Jacek Sanecki
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Varia
Strony: 65-67
Komitet Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauk w roku 1989 [Committee of Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1989]
Maria Ławrynowicz
“Szaferanum”
Piotr Köhler
Botanicy w: “Kto jest kim w Polsce” [Botanists in “Who is who in Poland”]
Zbigniew Mirek
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New journals and series]
Strony: 67-68
Biotechnologia – przegląd informacyjny
Zbigniew Mirek
Flora Mediterranea
Zbigniew Mirek
Evolutionary Ecology
Zbigniew Mirek
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Informacja botaniczna [Botanical Information]
Strony: 68-69
Atlasy i bibliografia dotycząca map zasięgów ogólnych flory środkowoeuropejskiej [The atlases and blbliography for the maps of general distribution of the Middle European flora]
Maria Zając
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Muzea, archiwa, zbiory [Museums, Archives, Collections]
Strony: 70-72
Zbiory dendrologiczne dawnego Krakowskiego Muzeum Techniczno-Przemysłowego w Muzeum Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego [The dendrological collection of the former Cracow Technical-Industrial Museum in the Museum of the Jagiellonian University Botanic Garden]
Piotr Köhler
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 72-78
Hall G. S., Hawksworth D. L., International Mycological Directory, International Mycological Association and C. A. B. International Mycological Institute, 1990, 163 ss.
Alina Skirgiełło
Holmgren P. K., Holmgren N. H., Barnett L. C., Index Herbariorum. Part I: The Herbaria of the World, Bronx-New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1990, 693 ss.
Zbigniew Mirek
Rranduška D., Šomšak L., Haberova J., Farebný atlas rastlin, Bratislava: Vydavatelstvo Obzor, 1983, 60 ss.
Paweł Szotkowski
Reese W. D., Mosses of the Gulf south from the Rio Grande to the Apalachicola, London: Louisiana State University Press, 1984, 252 ss.
Ryszard Ochyra
Eddy A., A revision of African Sphagnales, London: Bulletin of the British Museum, 1985, 85 ss.
Ryszard Ochyra
Rameau J. C., Mansion D., Dume G., Flore forestière francaisé. Guide écologique illustré. 1: Plaines et collines, Nancy, 1989, 1785 ss.
Paweł Pawlaczyk
Lafon J. P., Tharaud-Prayer C., Levy G., Biologie des Plantes Cultivees, Paris, 1988
Jan Pilarski
Gumiński S., Fizjologia glonów i sinic, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 1990, 207 ss.
Teresa Kentzer
Dostál J., Nová kvetena ČSSR. T. 1, 2, Praha: Academia, 1989, 1548 ss.
Jan Kornaś
Ozenda P., Les organismes végétaux. 1. Végétaux inférieurs, Paris: Masson Éditeur, 1990, 219 ss.
Jan Kornaś
Kreeb K. H., Methoden zur Pflanzenökologie und Bioindikation, Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1990, 327 ss.
Jan Kornaś
Drake J. A., Mooney H. A., di Castri F., Groves R. H., Kruger F. J., Rejmanek M., Wiliamson M. (red.) 1989. Biological invasions – a global perspective, Chichester: John Wiley and sons, 1989, 525 ss.
Jan Kornaś
di Castri F., Hansen A. J., Debussche M. (red.), Biological invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1990, 463 ss.
Jan Kornaś
Natho G., Müller Ch., Schmidt H. (red.), Wörterbuch der Biologie – Morphologie und Systematik der Pflanzen, Teil 1, 2, Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1990, 852 ss.
Jan Kornaś
