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Prof. dr hab. Janusz B. Faliński doktorem honoris causa Uniwersytetu Camerino [Professor Janusz B. Faliński – doctor honoris causa of Camerino University]
Kazimierz Zarzycki
17 Lutego 1995 w wielkiej Auli Uniwersytetu w Camerino (środkowe Włochy) odbyła się uroczysta ceremonia nadania tytulu doktora honoris causa – Laurea Honoris Causa in Scienze Naturali – wybitnemu polskiemu badaczowi Januszowi B. Falińskiemu, profesorowi zwyczajnemu Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, kierownikowi Białowieskiej Stacji Geobotanicznej UW
Słowa kluczowe: Professor Janusz B. Faliński, doctor honoris causa of Camerino University
Strony: 9-11
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Przyroda w twórczości literackiej Stefana Żeromskiego i niektórych pisarzy Kielecczyzny [Nature in literary output of Stefan Żeromski and other writers of Kielce region]
Stanisław Barański
Stefan Żeromski, famous Polish writer and Nobel prize winner, was one of the best stylists in Polish literature. He paid special attention to the nature of his homeland – the Kielce region in Central Poland – and treated its landscapes, woods, trees and plants with deepest love and described them with whole richness of Polish language. These descriptions are one of the best in Polish literature. Elements of nature appear very frequently in Żeromski’s works and always play an important role in the plot, emphasizing the feelings of heros or being a testimony of their patriotism. The Żeromski’s tradition is cultivated by other writers and poets still fascinated with the nature of Kielce region.
Słowa kluczowe: nature in culture, literature, poetry, Kielce region
Strony: 13-19
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Mapowanie pierwiastków w materiale biologicznym metodą mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej [Elemental mapping in biological material by using X-ray microanalysis]
Rafał Butowt, Dariusz J. Smoliński
The energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis is a commonly used technique to analyse the elements composing a biological sample, on an electron microscope level. The characteristic features of the technique embrace high sensitivity (10-16 – 1O-18g) and wide detectability of elements with the atomic numbers that range from Z1O to Z<93. The technique serves the dot microanalysis of samples that have diameter of at least 10-100 nm and the elemental mapping of bigger samples, for example whole cells, that involves recording of the analysed element from every picture clement (pixel) of the picture. Analog dot maps are created when the X-ray signal is recorded directly on photographic plate on which the microscope picture of the analysed area is present. Digital maps are created when the X-ray signal is transformed into the digital one and then sent to a computer. Digital recordings are the conditions of the computer picture processing; that is, using various optical filters, eliminating the background, rejecting the weakest signals; moreover assigning different range of grey colour or different pseudocolours to the areas that differ in the amount of a given element. Digital maps of resolution either 128*128 or 256*256 are derived into qualitative or quantitative ones. Quantitative mapping calls for standards of which the analysed element content is known. It also offers a wider data processing concerning every pixel, However, the time of measurment in this method is prolonged in comparison to qualitative mapping. Digital mapping is especially useful in the analysis of the biological sample because the method of picture processing enables multiplication of gathering and summing up the X-ray signals coming from the same area. In comparision to the dot analysis, mapping has a great disadvantage; namely it is necessary to expose a sample to a relatively long-term electron beam bombardment in a columna of the electron microscope. During this exposure the biological sample may undergo the structural and chemical changes. X-ray mapping is a great advantage from the point of view of a wide range of biological materials analyses; for example, in the analysis aiming at determining the distribution of some products from cytochemical reactions like Karnovsky-Roots reaction which detect acetylcholinesterase activity or locates affinity for elements exogenous inserte inside a cell.
Słowa kluczowe: elemental mapping, X-ray mapping, X-ray microanalysis, biological specimen
Strony: 21-30
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Skażenie środowiska Polski na tle Europy [Environmental pollution in Poland compared to Europe]
Krystyna Grodzińska, Grażyna Szarek
Air and water pollution estimated by physicochemical and bioindication methods in Poland and other European countries was described. Forest damages, critical loads of pollutants and prognosis for the environmental situation in Europe were discussed.
Słowa kluczowe: environmental pollution (SCJ2, N02, 03, heavy metals, radionuclids), bioindicators, forest health, Poland, Europe
Strony: 31-38
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Fotoperiodyczna indukcja kwitnienia roślin. I. Fitochrom w kontroli kwitnienia roślin dnia krótkiego [Photoperiodic induction of plant flowering. I. Phytochrome in the control of short day plants flowering]
Mariusz Cymerski, Jan Kopcewicz
The photoreceptor phytochrome has been extensively characterized at the chromophore, protein and gene level. It consist of a family of red/far-red reversible molecules and the genes for three members have been sequenced. Phytochromes arc chromoproteins, which probably exist as dimer in vivo. The aim of this review has been to summarize recent developments in our understanding of the phytochrome systems of higher plants and use them to attempt to re-evaluate some problems of phytochrome action in photoperiodism. The possible involvement of different phytochromes in photoperiodic flower induction is discussed. Potential roles for different members of the phytochrome family and homo- and hetero-dimers or phytochrome are proposed.
Słowa kluczowe: Flowering, photoperiodic induction, phytochrome
Strony: 39-48
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Glukozynolany – występowanie i znaczenie ekologiczne [Glucosinolates – occurrence and ecological significance]
Wiesław Oleszek
Interest in glucosinolates and the associated degradation products has been generated due to their antinutritional effects, hut also because of the possibility of using plant residues as a substitute for synthetic organic pesticides. Trends in modern agriculture aimed at the reduction of pesticide application create favorable conditions for pathogens and insect development. This in turn may cause severe changes in plant metabolism and in the accumulation of secondary metabolites eg. glucosinolates. These pest induced changes in glucosinolate metabolism can be important for plant breeders when selecting brassicas for increased nutritional value and for pest resistance. On the other hand allelochemical properties of Brussu:a may be exploited against soil-born pests. Incorporation of Brassica tissue into the plow zone can initiate production of isothiocyanates, and may lead to lethal and/or sublethal (eg., repellency and inhibition of feeding) effects on pest and weed population, thus conferring protection to the following crop. This work summarizes recent developments and trends in the major research areas concerning glucosinolates in hrassieas including their occurrence and ecological significance.
Słowa kluczowe: glucosinolates, glucosides, secondary metabolites, allelopathy
Strony: 49-58
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Trawy – grupa roślin, która odniosła ewolucyjny sukces [Grasses – group of plants which achieved cvolutional success]
Marta Mizianty
The grass family is one of the largest among the flowering plants. Members of the Poaceae are found in almost every habitat and constitute the dominant species in such communities as grasslands, steppes and savannas. Some problems of morphology, anatomy, biology, distribution, history of development and genetics, which explain, how and why grasses achieved evolutional success are presented in this article. The author is of the opinion that evolutional success of grasses bases on the possibility of their further evolutional changes, in spite of their present high specialization.
Słowa kluczowe: grasses, morphology, anatomy, cytology, biology, distribution, genetics, evolution, systematics
Strony: 59-70
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Teoria sukcesji ekologicznej na tle współczesnych badań; przykłady z lasów Ameryki Północnej [Theory of ecological succession compared with results of recent studies: examples from the forests of North America]
Jerzy Szwagrzyk
Successional theory, after decades of controversies, is still an important issue in ecological disputes. Results of studies conducted in America during last ten years confirm the fact that patterns of vegetation dynamics are much more complex and diverse than classical ecological theory had assumed. Division between primary and secondary succession is not always clear, as it has been shown by studies conducted after the Mt St Helens eruption. Large-scale natural disturbances turned out to be the crucial factor shaping vegetation patterns in many communities, including some forests which had been previously considered very stable. As shown by the research in Mt Rainier National Park, the climax stadium in forests dominated by long-living trees is rarely being attained. Secondary succession in old fields is driven more by local site factors and proximity of seed sources than by changes induced by the vegetation itself. No single theory can now explain the complexity of vegetation changes.
Słowa kluczowe: climax, natural disturbances, pattern and process
Strony: 71-80
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Zmiany metaboliczne w korzeniach wywołane deficytem fosforu [Metabolic changes in the roots as affected by phosphate deficiency]
Iwona Ciereszko, Anna M. Rychter
Plants respond to phosphate starvation in various ways, exhibiting morphological, physiological and metabolical adaptations. Pi deficiency decreases shoot growth and increases root elongation growth. In a number of plant species lack of phosphorus in the medium is associated with enhanced activities of extracellular phosphateses in the rhizosphere or the release of organic acids. In the roots of plants grown on P-deficient medium the decline in intracellular Pi level is accompanied by higher translocation rate of sucrose from the shoots to the roots and the increase in soluble sugar content (sucrose, glucose and fructose) in the roots. It is postulated that those sugars may play the role of osmoregulants. In phosphate starved plants the decrease in hexose-P pool and slight decline in respiration of the roots as compared to control is observed. This respiration is carried out mainly by alternative, cyanide-resistant pathway. The participation of alternative pathway in the root respiration results in decreased ATP and ADP content of the roots. The decrease in ATP pool was also observed in cell cultures grown on phosphate deficient medium. The low ATP level affects some enzyme activities namely phosphofructokinase and hexose phosphorylating enzymes. In cells culture phosphate deficiency induces the enzymes which by-pass ATP-dependent enzymes. In the roots of Pi deficient plants the decrease in NO’ uptake and assimilation is observed. It is proposed that low Pi level in the roots is changing energy economy. directing more energy to the roots growth and saving the energy on nitrate uptake and assimilation.
Słowa kluczowe: alternative pathways, assimilate transport, compartrnentation, energy economy, inorganic phosphate, ion uptake, nucleotide pool, respiration, sugars
Strony: 81-90
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Arytmetyka w diagramach pyłkowych [Arithmetics involved in pollen diagrams]
Dorota Nalepka, Adam Walanus
Eight different diagrams obtained from one pollen table is presented. Starting from percentage diagrams, calculated according to the different sums, through the concentration of pollen in mass, volume etc. up to correction factors application and the principal components analysis. Calculations and diagram printing is easy task, today, for palynologist familiar with the computer. New techniqe should widen interpretations of pollen table by considering many possible diagrams
Słowa kluczowe: data handling, pollen analysis, concentration of pollen
Strony: 91-104
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Amerykańska kariera europejskiego storczyka [American career of European orchid]
Wojciech Adamowski
Epipactis helleborine, native and widespread species in European broadleaved forests, often grows also on man-made habitats. More than hundred years ago, this orchid invaded Northern America and it has been still spreading now, also on man-made habitats and in natural forest communities. . In this paper history of expansion, present distribution (Fig. 3A) and conditions of occurrence of E. helleborine in Northern America are presented. Also predictions concerning its further spreading are reported. Collected data shows, that expansion of this species in Northern America is cumulative effect of deliberate introductions, accidental transfer of seeds or underground parts and spontaneous spreading. Author puts attention on similarity between American range of helleborine and distribution of beech-maple forests, where this species grows with the highest frequency and abundance, broad amplitude of invaded habitats and factors limiting further spreading of this species. In many regions of USA and Canada broad helleborine is still spreading, however, it surely has occupied major part of available for this species area.
Słowa kluczowe: Epipactis helleborine, invasion, apophytism, neophytism, conditions of occurence
Strony: 105-113
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanist]
Strony: 115-116
Botanicy krakowscy w karykaturach Stefana Macko [Cracow botanists in Stefan Macko’s cartoons] – Jerzy Lilpop
Alicja Zemanek
Botanicy krakowscy w karykaturach Stefana Macko [Cracow botanists in Stefan Macko’s cartoons] – Józef Motyka
Alicja Zemanek
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 117-124
Życie i działalność dr Ludwika Jaromina (1905-1991) [Life and professional activity of dr Ludwik Jaromin (1905-1991)]
Cezary Toma
Wspomnienie o paleobotaniku mgr Władysławie Micku (1909-1991) [A rememberance of paleobotanist Władysław Micek MSc. (1909-1991)]
Anna Sadowska
Dr Janina Truchanowicz (8.05.1923-13.06.1994)
Jerzy Staszkiewicz
Profesor doktor habilitowany Ryszard Zareba (1924-1994) [Professor Ryszard Zareba (1924-1994)]
Roman Zielony
Dr Maria Sychowa (1.07.1927-5.09.1994)
Zbigniew Mirek, Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 124-127
Pro memoria (J. F. Wolfgang, F. Karo, S. Kulczyński, L. Korzeniewski, S. Krzemieniewski, M. Czubińska, W. M. Kozłowski, E. Massalski)
Alicja Zemanek
Jubileusz 40 lat pracy naukowej i dydaktycznej Profesora zw. dr hab. nauk przyr. Krzysztofa Rostańskiego [Jubilee of 40 years of scientific and didactic activity of Professor Krzysztof Rostański]
Krzysztof Jędrzejko
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 127-137
Międzynarodowa Konferencja NT. Storczyków (Hanower, Niemcy 10-13 lutego 1994) [International Conference on Orchids (Hannover, Germany, 10-13 February 1994)]
Ryszard Plackowski
Trzecie spotkanie regionalnej sekcji krajów Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej Międzynarodowego Towarzystwa Ekotoksykologicznego i Środowiskowego Bezpieczeństwa „SECOTOX”, Balatonaliga, Węgry, 14-19 maja 1994 [3rd meeting of Central and Eastern European regional section of International Society of Ecotoksycology and Environmental Safety “SECOTOX”, Balatonaglia, Hungary, 14-19 May 1994]
Barbara Godzik
“Reakcje biologiczne drzew na zanieczyszczenia przemysłowe” III Krajowe Sympozjum, (Poznań – Kórnik, 23-26 maja 1994) [“Trees’ biological response for the pollutants” – 3rd National Conferrence, Poznań – Kórnik, 23-26 May 1994]
Barbara Godzik
30-lecie założenia Ogrodu Botanicznego UMCS na Sławinku w Lublinie [30th anniversary of foundation of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Botanic Garden at Sławinek, Lublin]
I Sesja Naukowa “Badania Naukowe w Pieninach ’94” Zamek w Niedzicy, 15-17 czerwca 1994 [Ist Scientific Session “Scientific investigations in the Pieniny Moutains494” Niedzica Castle, 15-17 June, 1994]
Aazimierz Drozdowicz
XXI Wycieczko-Konferncja botaników bałtyckich NT. “Różnorodność botaniczna na granicach zasięgów”, Aukštadvaris, Litwa, 27 czerwca – 2 lipca 1994 [21st Excursion-Conference of Baltic botanists „Botanical diversity along the borders of areals”, Aukštadvaris, Lithuania, 27th June – 2nd July, 1994]
Bożena Czarnecka
Międzynarodowa konferencja “Compositae, systematyka, biologia i wykorzystanie”, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 24 lipca – 5 sierpnia 1994 [“Compositae, Systematics, Biology and Utilization” – an International conference, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 24 July – 5 August 1994]
Roman Czapik, Janina Dąbrowska
IV Międzynarodowy Kongres Ekologii, Manchester, Wielka Brytania, 21-26 sierpnia 1994 [4th International Ecological Congress, Manchester, Great Britain, 21-26 August 1994]
Zbigniew Mirek
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Botanika za granicą [Botany abroad]
Strony: 137-137
Brytyjskie Towarzystwo Ekologiczne [The British Ecological Society]
Zbigniew Mirek
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society news]
Strony: 137-139
Czwarta Sesja Terenowa Sekcji Mikologicznej (Obrzycko k. Wronek, 22-25 sierpnia-1994) [The Fourth Field Session of the Mycological Section (Obrzycko near Wronki, 22-25 August 1994)]
Anna Bujakiewicz
Zebranie Sekcji Historii Botaniki PTB (Kraków, 6 października 1994) [Meeting of the History of Botany Section, Polish Botani-cal Society (Kraków, 6 October 1994)]
Piotr Köhler
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Varia
Strony: 139-142
Otwarcie domu pamięci rodziny Estreicherów (Kraków, 11 października 1994) [Openingof the Estreichers’ memoriał house (Cracow, 11 October 1994)]
Piotr Köhler
Leksykon Botaników Polskich: 13. Aniela Kozłowska [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 13. Aniela Kozłowska]
Piotr Köhler
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New journals and series]
Strony: 142-143
Erica
Jan J. Wójcicki
Kew Scientist; Botanic Gardens Micropropagation News [Kew Scientist; Botanic Gardens Micropropagation News]
Elżbieta Zenkteler
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Ogrody botaniczne i arboreta [Botanic gardens and arboreta]
Strony: 144-147
Dawne ogrody botaniczne Wilna [Old botanic gardens in Vilna (Vilnius, Lithuania)]
Piotr Köhler
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Muzea, archiwa, zbiory [Museums, archives, collections]
Strony: 147-152
“Flora Workuty” w zbiorach zielnika Muzeum Przyrodniczego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego – zielnik katorżnika, Piotra Adasia z lat 1954-1956 [“Flora of Workuta” in the Herbarium collection at the Wrocław University Museum of Natural History – a herbarium collected in 1954-1956 by a Siberian convict, Piotr Adaś]
Edward Kozioł, Krzysztof Świerkosz
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 152-162
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 163-169
Jan J. Wójcicki
