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Metody badania przepływu genów u drzew leśnych [Methods for gene flow studies in forest trees]
Artur Dzialuk, Jarosław Burczyk
Gene flow is an important force for maintaining genetic diversity in plant populations. Extensive gene flow may reduce inbreeding or affect progeny fitness, it may also erode the efforts of plant breeders since gene immigration through pollen to isolated plantations from unknown sources may reduce expected genetic gains. It can also provide a conduit for the escape of engineered genes from a transgenic crop into natural, sexually compatible populations. Gene flow is sufficient to counteract genetic drift and moderate directional selection. On the other hand, if gene flow is highly restricted, microgeographic differentiation is readily established. Several methods have been developed to trace gene flow through pollen and seeds. Some of these methods focus on potential gene flow estimating dispersal of seeds and pollen grains. However, effective gene fl ow can be studied with the aid of genetic markers and sophisticated statistical methods that are based on parentage analyses. In this paper we review state of the art of traditional and current ecological and genetic approaches for studying gene flow. We describe how genetic methods (markers and statistical models) are used to investigate ecological processes (seed and pollen dispersal) which in turn have important genetic consequences.
Słowa kluczowe: gene flow, seed dispersal, pollen dispersal, genetic markers, statistical models
Strony: 7-18
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Udomowienie roślin w Nowym Świecie [Plant domestication in the New World]
Michał Wasilewski
The problem of plant domestication in the New World remains still open. The core issue is long or short chronology of this process. Long chronology followers state that plant domestication in the New World begun approx. 7000/6000 years B.P., whereas according to short chronology the process took place between 4000/3000 years B.P. The latter hypothesis is based on the argument that datation of plant pollen and macrofossils is often doubtful or even erroneous. Moreover, the cultural explosion taking place 5800 B.P. and its correlation with ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) seems to prove the plausibility of the short chronology hypothesis. To defend the long chronology several new studies have been conducted aiming at more precise datation (i.e. AMS dating). Genetic science brings forward new possibilities to verify the long chronology hypothesis. In spite of several problems which still need further research, most scientists seem to agree that Balsas Valley (Mexico) is the homeland of Zea mays mays and Cucurbita pepo, tropics of Ecuador and Brazil of Cucurbita pepo and Manihot sp. and Peru of Phaseolus vulgaris, P. lunatus as well as Solanum sp. The domestication of these plants took place not later than in the ninth millennium B.P. and agriculture spread out quickly into other regions covering South and Central America, part of North America and even Carraibes before Columbus.
Słowa kluczowe: domesticated plants, New World, maize, squash, bean, cassava, potato, domestication chronology
Strony: 19-37
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Zakwity sinic – konkurencja międzygatunkowa i środowiskowe zagrożenie [Blue-green algal blooms – interspecifi c competition and environmental threat]
Lubomira Burchardt, Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska
Morphologically distinguishable species of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) include strains of different ability to produce toxins. Some of them may be nontoxic. It is assumed that this phenomenon is a consequence of genotypic variability of waterbloom developing cyanobacterial morphospecies. However, a considerable number of studies show also that environmental factors determine the intensive development of particular species or genotypes and cyanotoxin production. Waterblooms may be caused by one cyanobacterium species or may be of multispecies- type. Almost forty species belonging to twenty genera are able to develop intensive blooms and produce cyanotoxins of various biological activity. Most of them are cosmopolitan organisms. The cyanotoxins excreted into water can inhibit reproduction of individuals of the same species. However, cyanotoxins appearing in water as a consequence of bloom decay may inhibit or sometimes stimulate development of many other aquatic organisms.
Słowa kluczowe: blue-green algae, harmful blooms, cyanotoxins, life strategy, adaptation
Strony: 39-49
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 51-52
Ludwik Broder
Piotr Köhler
Estera Hadasa Broder
Piotr Köhler)
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 53-54
Zaczęło się od Wyspy Konwaliowej. Słowa pożegnania Profesora Janusza Bogdana Falińskiego [It all began with the Lily-of-the-valley Island]
Zbigniew Mirek
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 55-63
70. rocznica urodzin prof. dr hab. Elżbiety Turnau [70th anniversary of Professor Elżbieta Turnau’s birth]
Ewa Zastawniak
60 lat działalności byłych Zakładów Systematyki i Geografii Roślin oraz Systematyki Roślin UMCS w Lublinie [Sixty years activity of former Department of Systematics and Plant Geography and Plant Systematics Department, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin]
Dominik Fijałkowski
Pro memoria (W. Łaźniewski, T. Koźniewski, W. F. Kubik, J. Dyakowska, B. Jaroń, S. Pawłowska, J. Zurzycki, J. Fiedorowicz, R. Kobendza)
Alicja Zemanek
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 63-73
Krajowe Sympozjum “Jurassica IV” (Bałtów, 27-29 września 2004) [Symposium “Jurassica IV” (Bałtów, Poland, 27-29 September 2004)]
Anna Maria Ociepa, Jadwiga Ziaja
18 Międzynarodowe Sympozjum Diatomologiczne (Międzyzdroje, 2-7 września 2004) [18th International Diatom Symposium (Międzyzdroje, Poland, 2-7 September 2004)]
Jadwiga Siemińska
VI Ogólnopolskie Spotkanie Naukowe “Biologia traw” (Kraków, 18-19 listopada 2004 [6th National Scientific Meeting “Grass biology” (Cracow, Poland, 18-19 November 2004)]
Ludwik Frey, Marta Mizianty
Zebranie Sekcji Historii Botaniki PTB (Kraków, 11 kwietnia 2005) [Meeting of the Section of History of Botany of the Polish Botanical Society (Kraków, Poland, 11 April 2005)]
Piotr Köhler
V Międzynarodowe Sympozjum Triticeae (Praga, Czechy, 6-10 czerwca 2005) [5th International Triticeae Symposium (Prague, Czech Republic, 6-10 June, 2005)]
Ludwik Frey, Marta Mizianty
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society news]
Strony: 73-89
Sprawozdanie z działalności Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego w 2004 roku [Polish Botanical Society in 2004]
Anna Mikuła
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Varia
Strony: 89-102
Leksykon botaników polskich: 53. Anna Rumek [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 53. Anna Rumek]
Piotr Köhler
Leksykon botaników polskich: 54. Jadwiga Teleżyńska [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 54. Jadwiga Teleżyńska]
Piotr Köhler
Leksykon botaników polskich: 55. Jadwiga Halina Supniewska [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 55. Jadwiga Halina Supniewska]
Piotr Köhler
Wspomnienie o moim nauczycielu (Prof. Wanda Truszkowska) [Remembrance on my teacher]
Małgorzata Narkiewicz-Jodko
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Botanika na wesoło [Fun botany]
Strony: 102-102
Wykaz chorób z którymi prędzej, czy później zetknie się botanik
Lidia Nowak
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New periodicals and series]
Strony: 103-103
Tomy Jurajskie
Anna Maria Ociepa, Jadwiga Ziaja
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 103-116
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 116-119
Jan J.Wójcicki
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Literatura botaniczna [Botanical literaturę]
Strony: 119-120
Jan J.Wójcicki
