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Historia szaty roślinnej Krakowa i jego najbliższych okolic [The history of the plant vegetation of Cracow and its vicinity]
Ewa Zastawniak
The oldest plant remains from Krak6w and its vicinity come from the Upper Carboniferous Kwaczała Arkose – they are numerous silicified Dadoxylon trunks – remnants of a petrified forest. Somewhat younger are remnants of a Permian forest preserved in the Karniowice travertine. Mesozoic vegetation is illustrated by the fossil flora of Lower Jurassic clays in Grojec and coniferous and ginkgoalen remains from the Middle Jurassic at Zabierzów and Mirów. The silicified cycadeoid stem Raumeria (Cycadeoidea) reichenbachiana Goeppert derives from the Lower Cretaceous strata near Wieliczka. The younger plant remains in the Krak0w region are not known before the Neogene – they are the numerous Middle Miocene fossil fruits and seeds from salt deposits at Wieliczka and the leaf flora from Swoszowice. The development of Pleistocene vegetation was described from Krak6w and its vicinity. Full glacial of the last glaciation was characterized by woodless tundra, and pine forest, willow brushwood, willow-poplar riparian forests and tundra vegetation developed in Late Glacial. The changes of plant cover in the Holocene were established on the basis of pollen diagrams from Niepolomice forest. The impact of human activites on vegetation was described on the basis of the archaeobotanical investigations of the Neolithic settlement in Pleszów and Mogiła as well as medieval culture layers of Wawel and Main Market Square in Kraków.
Słowa kluczowe: Fossil plants, Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, Kenozoic, Cracow
Strony: 7-14
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Geitonogamia wewnętrzna [Internal geitonogamy]
Małgorzata Flis, Andrzej Jankun
Geitonogamy (the pollination between flowers on the same plant) has important implications for sex-allocation theory, the evolution of dioecy and other issues in evolutionary biology. Internal geitonogamy is a unique self-pollination system that occurs in the genus Callitriche L. In this system self-fertilization is effected by pollen tube growth through vegetative tissues from the staminate to pistillate flowers. Internal geitonogamy occurs in seven of ca 50 species of Callitriche (C. heterophvlla Pursh, C. heteropoda Engelm., C. lechleri (Hegelm.) Fassett, C. nubigena Fassett, C. rimosa Fassett, C. trochlearis Fassett, C. verna L.). Internal geitonogamy is correlated with the amphibious growth habit and polyploidy. However, not all polyploid amphibious species of Callitriche have internal geitonogamy. Correlation between internal geitonogamy and geographic distribution is not apparent. There is a tendency for species that possess internal geitonogamy to occur at higher elevations than those that lack this system. Callitriche is the genus in which aerial, water surface, and submerged pollination systems are all reported. Geitonogamy, the primary mode of pollination in this genus, can be realized in two ways: I). with contact between anther and stigma (“contacters”); 2). without contact between anther and stigma (“non-contacters”).
Słowa kluczowe: Callitriche, geitonogamy, internal geitonogamy, pollination
Strony: 15-26
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Zastosowanie mikroorganizmów glebowych do aktywnej ochrony roślin zielnych [The use of soil microorganisms in active protection of herbaceous plants]
Szymon Zuberek
The paper presents different possibilities to use soil microorganisms in active protection of plant species in in situ and ex situ conditions. Plant species protection has been carried out since the middle ages to preserve native species, especially the rare, endemic and endangered ones. Presently, not only passive, but also active protection has been used in many cases. Nevertheless, soil microorganisms are not involved in those procedures, although they provide a lot of opportunities to protect plants in an active way. Soil is an environment inhabited by pathogens as well as organisms promoting plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), nitrogen fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB) are those soil organisms which may be used to protect endangered plant species. Symbiotic fungi give host plants many benefits, e.g. better mineral nutrition, protection from root pathogens, heavy metals toxicity, droughts, salinity. The presence in the rhizosphere of PGPR (producing substances stimulating plant growth) and nitrogen fixing bacteria (lack of nitrogen limits plant growth) are also important to plants. This is why endangered species should be inoculated with those microorganisms in in situ or ex situ sites. Unfortunately the above mentioned methods are not common nowadays, but they should be included in natural protection programs.
Słowa kluczowe: endangered plant species, soil microorganisms, active plant protection
Strony: 27-34
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Rola i znaczenie polisacharydów sinic w przyrodzie i biotechnologii [Role of cyanobacterial polysaccharides in environment and biotechnology]
Zbigniew Lechowski, Jan Białczyk
As depending of their location polysaccharides of cyanobacteria can be divided into the following groups: (a) these contained in cells as the storage material (glycogen), (b) constituting the structural material of cell walls, (c) constituting the cell envelope, and (d) released to the aquatic environment. The two last sub-groups are exocellular polysaccharides. The results of current studies show the occurrence of pronounced divergences in the chemical composition of exocellular polysaccharides, depending on the species or even the strain. In the composition of this sub-group of polysaccharides ten monosaccharides belonging to hexoses, deoxyhexoses, pentoses, and acidic hexoses were found to occur. In some cases the occurrence of methyl sugars and amino sugars was determined. Another important feature that contributes to the chemical character of polysaccharides is the occurrence of polypeptide moiety or other non-saccharidic compounds such as organic (e.g., acetyl, pyruvyl, and succinyl groups) or inorganic ones (e.g., sulphate or phosphate groups and Ca2+ ion substituents). Most exocellular polysaccharides show an anionic nature due to the presence of acidic hexoses and/or other charged groups. Of the basic physical traits of polysaccharides are the high viscosity of water solutions, the capacity of gelation, elasticity, and the stability of water emulsions. Apart from the significant role (among other functions they constitute a physico-chemical barrier dividing cells from the environment, preventing their desiccation, and protecting them against the attack of pathogenes) exocellular polysaccharides find a wide biotechnological use in numerous industries. They are used in food industry (e.g., in the production of a vegetal variety of gelatine, ice cream, or jellies), in pharmaceutical industry as a component of numerous drugs, in textile industry (for end-use finish), fat industry (for waste fat recovery), and cosmetic industry (in suspensions and emulsions). Moreover, the high biological activity of polysaccharides manifested as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticancerogenic, and immunostimulanting activity, opens new perspectives of their use in medicine.
Słowa kluczowe: composition of exocellular polysaccharides, cyanobacteria, potential application of cyanobacterial polysaccharides
Strony: 35-51
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Botanika w Sieci [Botany on the Net]
Beata Paszko, Elżbieta Cieślak, Wojciech Paul
The range of information on botany currently available via the Internet is reviewed and its accessibility, usefulness and relevance to botanical research assessed. List of Internet addresses is intended to provide an entry point into a very large and constantly changing pool of information interesting to botanists. Some commercial and non-commercial databases are reviewed. One of the major advantages to botanists of this information explosion is that extensive information is accessible from one’s desk. The addresses below have been obtained from the Internet.
Słowa kluczowe: botany, Internet, search engines, databases, Virtual Library
Strony: 53-66
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 67-68
Jadwiga Wołoszyńska
Piotr Köhler
Antoni Józef Żmuda
Michał Zagulskij
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 69-77
Algirdas Lekavičius (1921-1999)
Ryszard Plackowski
Prof. dr hab. Alicja Zurzycka (1922-2000)
Janina Fiema, Bernadeta Piskorz-Bińczycka
Prof. dr hab. Helena Wcisło (1920-2000)
Lesław Przywara, Elżbieta Kuta
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 77-88
Profesor dr hab. Kazimierz Zarzycki – jubileusz 70-lecia [Professor Kazimierz Zarzycki – jubilee of his 70th birthday]
Krystyna Grodzińska
Jubileusz 70. urodzin Profesora dr hab. Leona Stuchlika [The seventhieth anniversary of Professor Leon Stuchlik birthday]
Ewa Zastawniak
Jubileusz Profesora dr hab. K. Rostańskiego [Jubilee of Professor dr hab. K. Rostański]
Adam Zając
Pro memoria (L. A. Młokosiewicz, T. Ciesielski, F. D. Kamieński, A. Czartkowski, P. Oficjalski, W. Ołtuszewski, K. Wallisch, F. Sawiczewski, J. Trzebiński, J. Wołoszyńska, H. F. Strankowska, J. H. Michejdowa, S. A. Krupko)
Alicja Zemanek
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 88-102
Jubileuszowa konferencja dla uczczenia 60-lecia pracy naukowej Profesor Aliny Skirgiełło (Bory Tucholskie, 18-20 października 1999) [Jubilee conference to honour 60 years of scientific career of Professor Alina Skirgiełło (Bory Tucholskie, Poland, 18-20 October 1999)]
Małgorzata Stasińska
Sesja Naukowa “Przyroda-Nauka-Kultura” (Humanistyczny kontekst nauk przyrodniczych u progu XXI w.) (Kraków, 26-27 czerwca 2000) [Scientific session “Nature-Science-Culture” (humanistic context of natural sciences at the beginning of 21st century) (Cracow, Poland, 26-27 June 2000)]
Alicja Zemanek
IV Ogólnopolskie Spotkanie Naukowe “Taksonomia, kariologia i rozmieszczenie traw w Polsce” (Kraków, 16-17 listopada 2000) [4th National Scientific Meeting “Taxonomy, karyology and distribution of grasses in Poland” (Cracow, Poland, 16-17 November 2000)]
Ludwik Frey, Marta Mizianty
Kurs terenowy “Paleontologiczne opróbkowywanie profilów geologicznych” (Nowa Ruda, 18-20 maja 2001) [Field course “Paleontological sampling of geological profiles” (Nowa Ruda, Poland, 18-20 May 2001)]
Anna M. Ociepa, Grzegorz Pacyna
XXIV Sympozjum “Geologia formacji węglonośnych Polski” (Kraków, 25-26 kwietnia 2001) [24th Symposium “Geology of Coal-Bearing Strata of Poland” (Kraków, 25-26 April 2001)]
Sławomir Florjan
Fitogeografia historyczna i różnicowanie roślin górskich – spotkanie botaników (Zurych, Szwajcaria, 1-3 czerwca 2001) [First Joint Botanical Mountain Phylogeography Meeting (Zürich, Switzerland, 1-3 June 2001)]
Michał Ronikier
XII Sympozjum Międzynarodowej Grupy Roboczej Paleoetnobotaniki (Sheffield, Wielka Brytania, 17-23 czerwca 2001) [12th Symposium of the International Work Group for Palaeoethnobotany (Sheffield, UK, 17-23 June 2001)]
Monika Badura, Aldona Bieniek, Joanna Święta
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society News]
Strony: 102-112
XVII Konkurs dendrologiczny pod hasłem “Znam drzewa i krzewy” w Łodzi [17th Dendrological Competition “I know trees and shrubs” in Łódź]
Jarosław Sieradzki
“Czwartki botaniczne” w Oddziale Krakowskim PTB w I i II kwartale 2001 r. [“Botanical Thursdays” at the Polish Botanical Society, Cracow Division, in the 1st and the 2nd quarter of 2001]
Sławomir Florjan
I Konkurs dendrologiczny w Częstochowie “Znam drzewa i krzewy” [1st Dendrological Competition in Częstochowa “I know trees and shrubs”]
Jeremi Kołodziejek
Zaszczytne wyróżnienie dla Prof. dr hab. Janusza B. Falińskiego [An honour to Prof. Janusz B. Faliński]
Zbigniew Mirek
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne w 2000 roku [Polish Botanical Society in 2000]
Alina Stachurska-Swakoń
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Varia
Strony: 112-127
“Flora ojczysta” – uwagi użytkownika [“Flora ojczysta” – user’s remarks]
Wojciech Paul
Europejskie i międzynarodowe kursy aerobiologiczne [European and international aerobiological courses]
Danuta Stępalska
Szwedzki botanik w Tatrach [Swedish botanist in the Tatra Mountains]
Ludwik Frey
Jak uczyłam się oznaczać grzyby [How did I learn determining fungi]
Wanda Truszkowska
Leksykon botaników polskich: 39. Eugeniusz Jan Fröhlich [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 39. Eugeniusz Jan Fröhlich]
Piotr Kóhler
Leksykon botaników polskich: 40. Jadwiga Szarska (siostra Christofora) [Dictionary of Polish botanists: 40. Jadwiga Szarska (sister Christofora)]
Piotr Kóhler
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Nowe periodyki i serie [New periodicals and series]
Strony: 127-128
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 128-148
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 148-148
Jan J. Wójcicki
