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Udział mikoryzy arbuskularnej w procesach fitoremediacji – mikoryzoremediacja [Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza to phytoremediation processes – mycorrhizoremediation]
Ewa Gucwa-Przepióra
Heavy metal contamination caused by human activities is one of the serious environmental problems. Phytoremediation is a low-cost environmentally friendly technology for the reclamation of contaminated soils. Recently it was demonstrated that phytoremediation can be enhanced by the use of suitably selected microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhiza is the most widespread symbiosis between plants and fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, belonging to phylum Glomeromycota, occur in the soils of most ecosystems, including soils polluted with heavy metals. Mycorrhizal plants play an important role both in phytostabilization and phytoextraction. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to heavy metal immobilization in soil and thereby improve phytostabilization. The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants to tolerate and to resist metal toxicity may involve more than one of the following mechanisms: avoidance of heavy metals by mycorrhizal hyphae, extracellular metal sequestration and precipitation, intracellular chelation (by metallothioneins and phytochelatins), biological sorption via glomalin, heavy metal storage in extraradical spores or/and in vesicles. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can also enhance phytoextraction. Improved phytoextraction following mycorrhization may be achieved by such mechanism as: facilitation of plant growth and biomass production, helping plants to accumulate heavy metals and increasing plant tolerance to them. Enhanced understanding of mycorrhizal biology and of the heavy metals tolerance of plants and fungi has defi ned valuable parameters for improving phytoremediation. One example is the use of adapted indigenous fungal strains that are more suitable for phytostabilization and extraction purposes than laboratory strains. Arbuscular mycorrhiza has a great potential in the remediation of disturbed land, however, commercial application of arbuscular mycorrhizal strains still awaits further investigations.
Słowa kluczowe: arbuscular mycorrhiza, phytostabilization, phytoextraction, heavy metals
Strony: 5-19
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Medicago truncatula Gaertn. – roślina modelowa z rodziny bobowatych (Fabaceae) [Medicago truncatula Gaertn. – a legume (Fabaceae) model plant]
Magdalena Bederska, Wojciech Borucki
Legumes are important economic crop plants for human nutrition and animal forage. They have ability to establish effective symbiosis with a wide range of bacteria from the family Rhizobiaceae and with arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi. Medicago truncatula (barrel medic) is a pasture legume, native from Mediterranean Area. It was chosen as a model plant for studying the molecular genetics of the symbiotic associations and metabolomics. Model species provide insight into processes that were hitherto poorly understood. Medicago truncatula is a diploid, autogamous plant and has relatively compact genome consisting of eight chromosomes. The genome sequence is currently available for this species. The collection of ecotypes, mutants and cultivars of this species is very useful for many aspects of plant science. The generation time of M. truncatula is only three months. Furthermore, M. truncatula is susceptible to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes and several procedures for transformation and regeneration are described. Wide range of molecular and genetic tools have been developed for this legume including ESTs and cDNA libraries. Various protocols related to cultivation and multiplication conditions have been proposed. All these factors make Medicago truncatula an excellent model for basic and applied plant biology and biotechnology.
Słowa kluczowe: legumes, Medicago truncatula, model plant, symbiosis
Strony: 21-33
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Portrety botaników polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
Strony: 35-36
Irena Mazaraki (1912-1995)
Piotr Köhler
Mieczysław Mazaraki (1913-2003)
Piotr Köhler
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Rozstania [Obituaries]
Strony: 37-61
Doc. dr hab. Alina Hejnowicz – In memoriam
Włądysław Chałupka, Marzenna Guzicka
Wspomnienie o profesorze Stanisławie Lisowskim – wybitnym geobotaniku i taksonomie, szczególnie zasłużonym w poznaniu szaty roślinnej tropików Afryki (1924–2002) [Obituary for Professor Stanisław Lisowski – eminency geobotanist and taxonomist, particularly meritorious for plant cover of tropical Africa (1924–2002)]
Karol Latowski
Zbigniew Domański 1920-2012
Andrzej Szczepkowski
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Rocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
Strony: 61-67
Jubileuszowa konferencja z okazji 80-lecia urodzin Profesora zw. dr hab. Krzysztofa Rostańskiego [Jubilee conference dedicated to Professor Krzysztof Rostański on the occasion of his 80th birthday anniversary]
Stanisław Wika
Pro memoria (J. A. Dziarkowski, A. Stachurska, Z. Czubiński, M. Fiedotjew-Jesse, F. Kamieński, K. M. Diesing, E. Strasburger, R. Dreżepolski, F. K. Skupieński, M. Berner, J. Warszewicz, B. Gustawicz, W. Zaleski, M. Chmielińska, J. K. Łukaszewicz, W. Wroblewski, W. Sławiński)
Alicja Zemanek
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Sprawozdania ze spotkań naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
Strony: 67-77
“Environmental Archaeology of Urban Sites” – VII sympozjum oraz IV międzynarodowa konferencja Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Archeologii Środowiskowej – Gdańsk, 5-10 września 2011 r. [‘Environmental Archaeology of Urban Sites’ – 7th Symposium and 4th International Conference of Polish Association for Environmetal Archaeology – Gdańsk, 5-10 September 2011]
Grzegorz Skrzyński
5. Międzynarodowe spotkanie analizy węgli drzewnych: Węgle drzewne jako kulturalne i biologiczne dziedzictwo, Walencja, Hiszpania, 5-9 września 2011 [‘5th International Meeting of Charcoal Analysis: charcoal as cultural and biological heritage’ Valencia, Spain, 5-9 September 2011]
Katarzyna Cywa, Maria Lityńska-Zając
I Międzynarodowa Konferencja Naukowa “Modern phytomorphology” (Lwów – Ukraina, 24-26 kwietnia 2012) [1th International Scientific Conference on Plant morphology ‘Modern phytomorphology’ (Lviv – Ukraine, 24-26 April 2012)]
Anna Sołtys-Lelek, Beata Barabasz-Krasny
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Z życia PTB [Polish Botanical Society news]
Strony: 77-97
Sprawozdanie z działalności Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego w 2011 roku [Annual Report 2011, Polish Botanical Society]
Halina Galera, Ewa Krasicka-Korczyńska
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Muzea, archiwalia, zbiory [Museums, archives, collections]
Strony: 97-100
Kolekcja zielnikowa Świętokrzyskiego Parku Narodowego (SKPN) [The herbarium collection of the Świętokrzyski National Park (SKPN)]
Bartosz Piwowarski, Tomasz Paciorek
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Varia
Strony: 100-111
Uroczystość odnowienia doktoratu profesora dr. hab. Macieja Zenktelera (Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 19 marca 2012) [Professor Maciej Zenkteler doctorate reneval ceremony (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 19 March 2012)]
Rafał Mól
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Natura i kultura [Nature and culture]
Strony: 111-119
O dziwnych gatkach, naturalnej aspirynie i służących z głową [On strange insulators, natural aspirine and heady servants]
Zbigniew Mirek
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Poezje botaników [Poetry of botanists]
Strony: 119-121
Wiersze Krzysztofa Kokota (RWB)
Krzysztof Kokot
Narecznica samcza; Pietrasznik plamisty; Bez recepty; Nasza…
Krzysztof Kokot
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Recenzje [Book reviews]
Strony: 122-134
A. Urbisz, Occurrence of temporarilyintroduced alien plant species (ephemerophytes) in Poland – scale and assessment of the phenomenon. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2011, 198 ss.
Janusz Guzik
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Nadchodzące spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
Strony: 135-137
Jan J. Wójcik
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Literatura botaniczna [Botanical literaturę]
Strony: 137-137
B. Krzewicka, A revision of Verrucaria s.l. (Verrucariaceae) in Poland. Polish
Botanical Studies, Vol. 27, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Kraków: Polish Academy of Sciences, 2012, 143 ss.
Jan J. Wójcik
