Wkład Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu im. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie w poznanie rozmieszczenia, ekologii, zagrożenia oraz ochrona roślin naczyniowych na Lubelszczyźnie [The contribution of Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin to explore the distribution, ecology and protection of plants in the Lublin region]
Dominik Fijałkowski, Maciej Kwiatkowski
Until the Word War Two, the Lublin region was the least explored one in the Poland as far as the geobotanical aspect is concerned. The region did not have its botanical garden. This was the basis of the workplan of the Department of Systemic and Geography of Plants of the newly found Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, supervised by Prof. Józef Motyka. The first collections were found on the premises of the present-day University Campus on 1947. They gave rise to the present-day collections in the Botanical Gardens in Sławinek, Lublin. The state of exploration of flora in the Lublin region until 1944 is documented in 144 articles mainly from vicinity of Pulawy, Kazimierz Dolny and Nałęczów. The activities of the works of the Botanical Gardens exploration and protection of plants can be divided into three periods.
Strony [Pages]: 5–14
Zadania polskich ogrodów botanicznych i arboretów w obronie różnorodności flory krajowej [The tasks of Polish botanical gardens and arboreta in defense of the native flora diversity]
Kazimierz Zarzycki, Maria Lankosz-Mróz
Contemporary tasks of botanical gardens and arboreta are gathering and maintaining collections of: foreign (exotic) species; wild plants, first of all endangered, protected and medicinal ones (different native populations from both island and marginal stands and central parts of species ranges).
Strony [Pages]: 15–17
Polskie kolekcje roślin chronionych i zagrożonych oraz endemitów i reliktów. Część 2. Taksony zagrożone, endemity i relikty [The Polish collections of protected, endangered, endemic and relict plants. Part 2. Endangered, endemic and relict plants]
Halina Galera, Jerzy Puchalski, Wiesław Gawryś
Strony [Pages]: 19–41
Docelowe możliwości zastosowań wyników programu ORPOL (Orchidaceae Poloniae) – storczykowate Polski w działalności ogrodów botanicznych [Uses of the ORPOL (Orchidaceae Poloniae) programme results in the work of botanical gardens target possibilities]
Leszek Bielecki
Orchidaceous (Orchidaceae) are represented in the flora of Poland by about 50 species. All of them are strictly protected by law. These are the plants of a very high level of endangerment, the fact emphasized by many botanists (e.g.: Michalik, 1975; Zarzycki, 1992 and Żukowski, 1976). Consequently, the author decided to form a country-wide complexed scientific programme ORPOL (Orchidaceae Poloniae) – “Orchidaceous of Poland” – with its basic aims: an accurate description of country orchidaceous resources as well as working out the most rational management of these resources. At present the programme includes 49 species of orchidaceous occurring in Poland.
Strony [Pages]: 43–44
Biologia, wymagania siedliskowe i możliwości uprawy zachowawczej Pulsatilla Patens (L.) Mill. [Biology, habitat requirements and perspectives of preservative cultivation of Pulsatilla Patens (L.) Mill.]
Wanda Wójtowicz
A spreading pasque-flower Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. of buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) is a boreomeridional-continental species. The eastern boundary of its distribution runs through Łużyce and Brandenburgia (the eastern part of Germany) As a rare and threatened species it is Iisted in the appendix 1 of the Berne Convention. Pulsatilla patens occurs in Poland mainly in the north-east of the country, where it is a differential species of Peucedano Pinetum association. Both, the number of the localities and the number of the individuals decrease towards the west of the country. A spreading pasque-flower belongs to the group of perennials with an extensive primary root and wooden base parts of stems, which are their persistence organs. On their tops the regenerative buds appear each year. Flowers of Pulsatilla patens devclop before their basal leaves, which are clustered in a rosette, unfold. The aim of the research carried out in seventies and eighties was to describe the ecological requircments, morphology, biology and the course of the individual development of Pulsatilla patens in natural circumstances and in the circumstances of the cultivation. It was stated that the preservative ex situ cultivation of this species does not cause any trouble.
Strony [Pages]: 45–54
Propozycja nowych granic leśno-stepowego działu geobotanicznego w Polsce [Proposal of the new forest-steppe geobotanic section of the flora in Poland]
Janusz Janecki, Ewa Trzaskowska
Through Poland across the border of West and East Europe. The border is visible in climate, soil, flora and vegetation. The Lublin Upland belongs to Eastern Europe, the climate is moderately continental, the soil like Podole and Volhynia Uplands, the main flora is steppe. Information about Lublin Upland steppe is given by many authors. The studies of works and analyses were based to prepared map geobotanic section of the flora in Poland. The maps are different by W. Szafer, D. Fijałkowski, J.M. Matuszkiewicz. The steppe vegetation were our field studies for 15 years, on this way we suggest that geobotanical section map on Lublin Upland must be correct. We have new proposition the border of forest-steppe region in Poland.
Strony [Pages]: 55–63
Zagrożone i chronione elementy flory kserotermicznej Garbu Pińczowskiego i terenów przyległych [Endangered and protected xerothermic species of the Garb Pińczowski and neighbouring areas]
Bożena Łuszczyńska
The paper presents a list of 38 endangered and protected xerothermic species which are growing in the Garb Pińczowski and in the neighbouring areas (Tab. 1). The highest status of threat (category E) have 2 species. To the vulnerable category (V) belong 10 species and to the rare category (R) 7 species. Twenty seven species are protected by law (total and partial). Their distribution is presented in eight maps (Fig. 1–8).
Strony [Pages]: 65–75
Wzbogacenie populacji wielosiłu błękitnego w Kaczych Dołach koło Lublina [Enrichment of Polemonium caeruleum in Kacze Doły near Lublin]
Maria Franszczak-Być, Krystyna Dąbrowska, Maciej Kwiatkowski, Ryszard Sawicki
In Poland Polemonium caeruleum is a species protected by law. There is a station of this species in Kacze Doły near Lublin. The population of Polemonium caeruleum is threatened with on intensive agricultures forest felling as well as with regulations of Minina and Krzywa rivers. In the 1996 this station of Polemonium caeruleum has been enhanced with positive results.
Strony [Pages]: 77–80
Walory florystyczne i krajobrazowe skalno-stepowego rezerwatu w Nadnidziańskim Parku Krajobrazowym [Floristic and landscape value of rocky and steppe sanctuary in Nadnidziański Landscape Park
Bogusław Sawicki, Maciej Kwiatkowski
On the rocky-steppe area of Reservation “Skorocice” included to Complex Ponidzia Park in June 1998 was carried out research work concerning floristic value of xerotermic grass and scenery attractiveness. It was stated less numbers occurrence unique plants than a few dozen years ago and was observed progressive growth shrubs which overgrow area previously overgrown by grass. On the basis of interviews with farmers and researches it was stated that it is necessary to use area of Reservation moderately (mowing, grazing) because that is factor which determines existence xerotermic grass in Reservation.
Strony [Pages]: 81–83
Odtworzenie jeziora Piskory oraz przyrodnicze wzbogacenie jego otoczenia [Restoration of the Piskory Lake and ecological enrichment of surrounded areas]
Tadeusz J. Chmielewski
Until the 1970s the Piskory Lake (located near the Wieprz River mouth to the Vistula River) was a shallow, medium-sized Iake, of great biodiversity surrounded by forests. Agriculture drainage system and the groundwater cone of depression caused a gradual degradation of lake, up to its total disappearance in 1990. In 1993, thanks to a charge in the water supply system and the reduction of the outflow, The lake was restored in the area of 126 ha. In the course of 3 years water plant communities have developed and many valuable species appeared, especially waterfowl. In 1995, the project of renaturalisation of streams supplying the lake, the restoration and introduction of some rare species of plants and reclamation of sand peat was worked out. This project was realized with a full success in 1996-98. The Botanic Garden of Lublin University was participated in it on a large scale. Additionally the didactic path with 12 stations and 2 view terraces was arranged. Since 01.01.1999 this area receives status of the nature reserve and plays air important role in ecological education.
Strony [Pages]: 85–88
Próba odtworzenia półnaturalnej łąki w Łódzkim Ogrodzie Botanicznym [The attempt of semi-natural meadow reconstruction in Łódź Botanical Garden]
Ewa Filipiak, Leszek Kucharski
An attempt of semi-natural meadow reconstruction was started in Łódź Botanical Garden in 1997. For an experiment neglected meadow in Łódka river was used. Eleven native meadow plant species from natural stands were introduced up to now. The experiment will be continuing next years.
Strony [Pages]: 89–90
Banki genów w zachowaniu roślin rzadkich i zagrożonych [Genebanks in the conservation of rare and endangered plants]
Jerzy Puchalski
Ex situ conservation is an alternative method for preservation of rare and endangered plant species. Botanical gardens always played an active role in the conservation of many plants species, as well as in situ and ex situ conditions, however the main conservation method was the cultivation of endangered plants as living plants collections. Presently the methods used by genebanks for crop germplasm were adopted and in many botanical gardens in the world the seed and in vitro banks were organized. Especially the long-term seed storage might be used for genetic diversity conservation. Usually the seeds called orthodox are dried up to 3–7% moisture contents and later stored in low (ca. –20°C) or in ultralow (in liquid nitrogen –196°C) temperatures. Especially the cryogenic seed storage in the vapour of liquid nitrogen is very efficient for the conservation purposes of rare and endangered plants. Also this technique is used for Polish vascular plants conservation in the Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw.
Strony [Pages]: 91–97
Rola banku genów we wdrażaniu globalnych i krajowych planów ochrony różnorodności biologicznej [The role of gene bank in implementation of global and national plans for conservation of biological diversity]
Wiesław Podyma
The understanding of importance of genetic resources for the increase of agriculture production has gained great appreciation in Poland, and the National Crop Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Programme was established. The National Crop Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Programme represents long experience of ex situ conservation of crops plants, possesses genebank facilities, and has developed standards of storage, documentation and evaluation. The main goal of this undertaking is to preserve genetic material of major crop plants and their wild and weedy relatives for breeding and research. The National Crop Genetic Resources Conservation Programme in Poland is based on multi-institutional input. The programme is financed by the Ministry of Agriculture. About 64000 accessions have been collected.
Strony [Pages]: 99–106
Ginące gatunki i odmiany roślin uprawnych w Europie [Threatened species and cultivars of crop plants in Europe]
Dorota Nowosielska, Wiesław Podyma
In the historical times the rate of species extinction became very high. Phenomenon of last decades consisting in displacing traditional species and old varieties of crop plants by modern varieties, leading to extinction old ones, is similar to natural process of evolution, but its result is drastic decreasing of biodiversity of crop plants. Lesser productive varieties stop to be respected and disappeared or survived in small amount. Traditional varieties are important and valuable genetic and cultural heritage of particular regions. They have such qualities as robustness, fertility and resistance to diseases, pests and stress of environment, as drought and frost. Among disappearing species, varieties and landraces are cereals, legumes, fodder, seasoning and industrial plants, vegetables and fruit trees.
Strony [Pages]: 107–112
27 lat udziału Ogrodu Botanicznego IHAR w Bydgoszczy w międzynarodowej eksploracji roślinnych zasobów genowych [The 27 years participation of Botanical Garden of the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute in Bydgoszcz in international exploration of plant genetic resources]
Włodzimierz Majtkowski, Gabriela Majtkowska
During the period of 27 years (from 1973 to 1999) the staff of Botanical Garden of Plant Breeding & Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) in Bydgoszcz took part in 14 international collecting missions, organised in Poland and neighbouring countries, as well as in Caucasus and in Central Asia. As a result of exploration of plant genetic resources more than 2600 seed samples were collected and further stored in seed of bank National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of 1 PBA in Radzików. Co-operation between countries simplified organisation of collecting missions from the formal and financial point of view. Moreover, storage of samples in more than one place is safety duplication strongly recommended by International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome.
Strony [Pages]: 113–116
Gromadzenie zasobów genowych w Ogrodzie Botanicznym Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin w Bydgoszczy [Collection of genetic resources in Botanical Garden of the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute in Bydgoszcz]
Gabriela Majtkowska, Włodzimierz Majtkowski
The programme of collection, preservation and data management of plant genetic resources, realised in the Botanical Garden of Plant Breeding & Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) is co-ordinated by the Centre of Plant Genetic at the Resources, IHAR. Above programme is the continuation of examination of cultivated plants conducted in Institute from 1951. During 40 years of activity of Botanical Garden, IHAR different groups of plants and fungi cultures were under examination. From 1954 to 1973 the collection of fungi cultures were maintained and further moved to Politechnika Lódzka (343 cultures). From 1971 the collection of grasses for pasture, turf ornamental and other purposes started. Moreover, from 1986 to 1990 preservation of genetic resources of Panicum miliaceum L. and Setaria italica Beauv were conducted. From 1994 dicotyledonous species with usable values were included into the preservation programme. Wide range of species with ,medicinal, melliferous, seasoning and decorative values were collected as well as species for reclamation of waste areas.
Strony [Pages]: 117–121
Kolekcja jeżyn w Ogrodzie Dendrologicznym Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu [The brambles collection in Dendrological Garden of the Agricultural University in Poznań]
Tomasz Maliński
The brambles collection in Dendrological Garden of Agricultural University in Poznań was established in 1997 and its purpose is the deeper recognition of variability of polish species from genus Rubus and protection of rare and decline taxa. Till the year 2000 that there have been accumulated 80 taxa, among there 2 were 68 species and 12 lower rank taxonomy brambles. In the future there will be a trend toward completion of about 90 species of brambles. There also will be cultivated species from central Europe.
Strony [Pages]: 123–128
Propozycje Ogrodu Roślin Leczniczych AM we Wrocławiu stosowania oceny zasobności roślin leczniczych w stanie naturalnym [The proposal of Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants in Wrocław in applying of evaluation of natural resources of medicinal plants]
Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka
In the face of permanently increasing interest of herborization in plant raw materials, estimation of the raw material base of wild medicinal plants acquires the great importance. To sole this problem is not simple, because information about the bulk of medicinal raw material resources is still poor, in spite of great progress recently achieved in the investigation on vegetal cover, in particular on its qualitative differentiation. The question of the amount of raw materials, possible to gain from nature, can cover the still increasing demand is not possible to be answered now. Moreover, the prognosis of the extent of raw material exploitation, not only in the whole country, but in smaller areas as well, is difficult. Comparatively poor knowledge of this problem is mainly result of the lack of the accurately defined methods of investigation on the medicinal raw material base.
Strony [Pages]: 129–132
Ogród Roślin Leczniczych Instytutu Roślin i Przetworów Zielarskich w Poznaniu jako centrum zachowania różnorodności biologicznej roślin zielarskich [Botanical Garden of the Research Institute of Medicinal Plants in Poznań as a centre for the biological diversity conservation of medicinal plants]
Waldemar Buchwald, Jan Kozłowski, Danuta Szczygielska
There are about 1500 taxa in the collection of the Garden of Medicinal Plants in Poznań. About 400 species were the subject of detailed phytochemical and botanical studies. Cultivated medicinal and spice plants as well as plants from wild origin are the main interests of the Garden. Other goal of the activity is the supply of the herbal raw material for the production of new medicine. Species under law protection are also an important subject of last investigation.
Strony [Pages]: 133–134
Badania i obserwacje gatunków z rodziny złożonych (Asteraceae) z kolekcji Ogrodu Roślin Leczniczych Akademii Medycznej w Gdańsku [Investigations and observations of Asteraceae species from the collection of the Medicinal Plant Garden of Medical University of Gdańsk]
Maria Zielińska-Stasiek, Wojciech Cisowski, Jolanta Zarembska, Irena Janiuk-Szewczyk
130 species of Asteraceae family are cultivated in the Medicinal Plant Garden of Medical University of Gdańsk. As a result of observations it was stated that only three species of the collection: Arnica montana, A. chamissonis and Leontopodium alpinum are characteristic from the weak growth and development. The above medicinal plants, among which are those included in Polish Pharmacopea, besides systematic beds have large agricultural fields in the Medicinal Plant Section. From these sections phytochemical plant material is obtained for phytochemical research as well as for student classes. From the 50-th a lot of phytochemical research have been done the Medicinal Plant Garden. They include forty species in which fruit lipids have been analyzed (25 species). The percentage amount of lipids are determined. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of fatty acids are done especially a high unsaturated fatty acid (EFA) and oleic acid. Moreover, the analyses of flavonoids in 12 species have been done, as well as the analyses of sesquiterpenoids in Gaillardia species. ln some species alkaloids, anthocyjanids and tannines have been determined too. As the result of the above research the fruit of Silybum marianum and Echinacea purpurea are regarded as a valuable source of oils use full in pharmaceutical and food industry.
Strony [Pages]: 135–140
Zastosowanie kultur in vitro w ochronie rzadkich i ginących gatunków paproci serpentynitowych [The use of in vitro culture methods for the protection of rare and endangered serpentine fern species]
Jowita Marszał, Krystyna Kromer
Asplenium adulternum Milde, A. cuneifolium Viv., A. adiantum-nigrum and A. onopteris var. silesiaca Milde recorded in Poland exclusively in Dolny Śląsk Region. This rare and endangered species grow in crevices of poorly lime and molybdenum-yielding, high chromium. magnezium, cobalt and nickel serpentinite rocks and scree. The sites normally receive considerable direct sunshine. This evergreen ferns grow exclusively in a restricted serpentine area and therefore the distribution of the populations is patchy and the populations are isolated from other plants. Conservation biology usually deals with rare or endangered species, but it should also deals species becoming endangered soon or having a heavily fragmented distribution range. The isolated populations may disappear sooner or later because renewal may no longer be possible. In order to protect these populations it would be very important to preclude any change of habitat and removal of individuals. The environmental conditions permitting the presence of the species have to be maintained. I t is also possible to use of in vitro method for the propagation of rare and endangered plant species and it becomes a major technique for their protection. In vitro method gives possibility to consider the special characteristics of life cycle and breeding system of fern species. Our discussion about usefulness of in vitro culture methods for the propagation of small and separated rare and threatened fern species is considered to be important in the context of conservation biology.
Strony [Pages]: 141–146
Rozmnażanie in vitro populacji Drosera intermedia pochodzących z Gór Izerskich [In vitro propagation of the populations of Drosera intermedia from Izerskie Mountains]
Krystyna Kromer, Tomasz Nowak, Bronisław Wojtuń, Bożena Poturała
The number of the localities of Drosera intermedia is decreasing during the last years quickly mainly because of the degradation of their habitats. however, equally important can be not fully known other factors. The scope of the study was to multiplicate in vitro the population of Drosera intermedia from the Izerskie Mountains and prepare plants for reintroduction.
Strony [Pages]: 147–152
Przełamywanie dominacji wierzchołkowej u podkładki jabłoni M7 w kulturach in vitro [The release of apical dominance in the apple-tree rootstock M7 in vitro culture]
Ewa Płażuk, Krystyna Kromer
Apical dominance and its control attract attention of both plant physiologists and agronomists. Despite the five decades of lasting effort its physiological mechanism has not yet been sufficiently elucidated. It may be defined as the control exerted by the shoot apex over the out growth of the lateral buds. A key role in regulation of apical dominance is generally ascribed to phytohormones.
Strony [Pages]: 153–158
400 lat Florystyki Śląskiej [400 years of the Silesian floristics]
Małgorzata Mularczyk
This year it will be 400 years since the edition of the first Silesian Flora “Striptium & Fossilium Silesiae Catalogus”, the work of a physician from Jelenia Góra, Caspar Schwenkfeld (1563–1609). That register comprised 891 items of wild-growing Gymnospermae, Angiospermae, Pteridophyta, Bryophyta, Fungi and Lichenes. Succeeding Silesian Floras were prepared by: H. G. von Mattuschka (1776–1777), A. Krocker (1787–1832), F. Wimmer and H. E., Grabowski (1827–1829), F. Wimmer (1832–1840), E. Fiek (1881), Th. Schube (1904), F. Pax (1915) and H. Roensch (1974). In 1890 Th. Schube (1860–1934), an eminent botanist engaged in the preservation of nature, identified 766 species of Schwenkfeld’s plants, including 694 flowering plants, 30 vascular cryptogamic plants and 42 species of Thallophyta.
Strony [Pages]: 159–162
Stary Ogród Botaniczny Uniwersytetu w Getyndze [The Old Botanical Garden of the University at Gőttingen]
Małgorzata Tarant
The Old Botanical Garden of Georg-August-University at Göttingen is as old as the university itself. It was founded by Albrecht von Haller in 1736. Situated in the city centre of Göttingen and somewhat smaller than 5 ha it houses more than 10000 plant species of hardy and tropical plants.
Strony [Pages]: 163–167
