Uprawa Cochleańa polonica Fröhlich w Ogrodzie Botanicznym PAN w Powsinie [Cultivation of Cochleańa polonica Fröhlich in Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin]
Aldona Burska
The Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw possesses a collection of plant species from the Red List of Threatened Plants in Poland. Among them there is Cochlearia polonica E. Fröhlich, an endemic Polish species. In 1979 a few specimens of Cochlearia polonica were brought to our Botanical Garden. They were placed in a concrete ring in sandy soil. The plants reproduced themselves, flowered and produced fruit. In 1990 new sites were created. The present population consists of 100 plants, which flower and produce seeds. The site has been expanding, taking up a new area. The recultivation of Cochlearia polonica on secondary sites and ex situ conservation will make possible the effective preservation of that species which no longer exists in primary habitats. The species extinction in Poland would amount to delete Cochlearia polonica from the list of the living in the nature plants.
Strony [Pages]: 3–4
Uprawa zachowawcza Utricularia intermedia Hayne w Ogrodzie Botanicznym we Wrocławiu [Cultivation of Utricularia intermedia Hayne in the Botanical Garden in Wrocław]
Piotr Kosiba
The autocolegial studies of natural habitats of Utricularia intermedia have stated optimum conditions in respect of chemical water properties, bottom and accompanying plants. Three reservoirs were constructed that differed from each other in respect of these above factors. The plants of U. intermedia were biometrically analysed and results were statistically done. It was stated that the reservoirs requires a small area but a big capacity. It causes the chemical and physical properties are more constant and changes of amplitude are smaller. The water depth up to 1.5 m. Locality should be as sunny as possible due to south and protected form wind. The pH range od water from 5.0 to 5.5 and total hardness 5 to 10°HD. Extra feeding with zooplankton increases a growth of U. intermedia. A bottom of reservoir should be laid out with a clay (10 cm). The organic bottom with a peat (3:1 or 5:2). It is useful to add some river sand. As accompanying plants should be placed, a little deeper places, the rhizomes of Nymphaea alba, Nymphaea candida and Nuphar luteum. On the reservoir shore it is necessary to plant rushes: Typha latifolia, Phragmites communis, Carex silvatica, Carex fusca and between them Deipanocladus fluitans, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum recurvum and Sphagnum palustre. It was stated a significant effect of thermal conditions and sufficiently long period of dormancy of Utricularia intermedia turions in aquarium cultivation. The individuals of U. intermedia with turions, which were taken from natural habitats should be put in the aquarium, with rainwater (pH 5.0–5.5) with an addition of sodium humate or better with humus acids from the natural habitat in an amount of 5000–6000 mg/l. The aquarium requires cold greenhouse about 2.4°C and shaded places. As you only notice the first sign of turions development the aquaria should be moved to a warmer room (12–15°C). After turions dormancy and a first period of growth it is important to pull the individuals of U. intermedia into aquarium with rain-water (pH 5.5) at temperature 23–25°C. The base is a river sand or poor garden soil with the peat (10:1). The presence of zooplankton positively affect growth and development of U. intermedia.
Strony [Pages]: 5–9
Uprawa Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. we wrocławskim Ogrodzie Botanicznym [Cultivation of Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. in Botanical Garden in Wrocław]
Ryszard Kamiński, Piotr Kosiba
The physical and chemical conditions of Aldnovanda vesiculosa habitats have been stated. It was indicated that the cultivated habitats should be as well characterized by the composition of plants accompanying to A. vesiculosa. The allelopathy positively affects on growth and reproduction of this plant. Results were practically verified during the cultivation in Botanical Garden. The water depth of cultivated reservoirs should not exceed 1 m and their area should not be too small. The place has to be partially shaded. The bottom mineral-organic, a river sand with a garden soil (3:1), not too many peat. It is important to put a clay coat on the bottom of the reservoir and in deeper places to plant Typha angustifolia, Phragmites australis, Stratiotes aloides and Hydrocharis morsus-ranae. The presence od submerged plants is desired. Some sedges and bryophytes in shallower places it is necessary to plant. In to aquarium cultivation should be taken: rain-water (pH 5.5) – the reaction of water regulated by sulphuric acid with at a straw addition or an extract of it. The proper colour of water is straw-yellow, it is required a river sand in the bottom, 2. rain water or tap water (pH 6.0) regulated by water extract of acid peat and Na2H2P04. The bottom of aquarium is a river sand with an addition of rhizomes of Typha sp., Iris pseudocarpus and Phragmites australis. In the samples Aldnovanda visculosa indicated the greatest values of individual features during its cultivation.
Strony [Pages]: 11–14
Inwentaryzacja stanowisk zagrożonego gatunku Gagea spathacea (Hayne) Salisb. w Polsce północnej [Stock-taking of locations of threatened species Gagea spathacea (Hayne) Salisb. in north Poland]
Aldona Burska, Jolanta Siuda
For efficient conservation of endangered plant species the obtaining of the information about their distribution, biology and habitat requirements in necessary. Since 1991 the studies on vulnerable species in Poland Gagea spathacea (Hayne) Salisb. were carried on and 12 natural sites of that species were verified. The bulbs of Gagea spathacea were introduced into cultivation in botanical garden, what gives an opportunity for further studies in ex situ conditions.
Strony [Pages]: 15–19
Założenia metodyczne dla ekspozycji wybranych polskich zbiorowisk roślinnych tworzonej w sztucznych warunkach w Ogrodzie Botanicznym PAN w Powsinie [Plans and methods for the exhibition of some chosen Polish plant communities in the artificial habitat of Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin]
Helena Belt
The collection of plant communities of Poland has both didactic and research purposes. The collection was founded in 1985 in the area of 3500 m2. The ground destined for the collection was flat with slightly differentiated configuration, slightly going up, ending with a small hill. There was a little pond (300 m) in the middle and a forest close to the proposed collection.
Strony [Pages]: 21–29
Kolekcja roślin szuwarowych w Ogrodzie Botanicznym PAN w Powsinie. Założenia metodyczne i stan aktualny [Collection of marsh and uliginose plants in the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin -methods and present state]
Helen Belt
Marsh grass communities are composed of many swamp and uliginose plants. These plants, called helophytes, have most of their leaves and shoots above the water. Figure 2 shows the general division of different types of marsh grass communities into associations, together with their distribution in a newly built pond.
Strony [Pages]: 31–43
Kolekcja roślin wodnych w Ogrodzie Botanicznym PAN w Powsinie – założenia metodyczne i stan aktualny [Collection of aquatic plants in the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin – methods and present state]
Helena Belt
Highly polluted environment, especially water, and the decreasing pool of aquatic and marsh plant species were the reasons for establishing the collection of these plants in the Botanical Garden. The aquatic communities are composed of hydrophytes, i.e. submerged plants. Their leaves are floating and flowers are kept above the water. Helophytes, on the contrary, have most of their leaves and shoots above the water and compose marsh and uliginose plants (marsh grasses). The aquatic plants and marsh grasses developed many ways of adapting to water environment, which is called hydromorphism.
Strony [Pages]: 45–63
Ochrona roślin zagrożonych flory Polski w bankach nasion – w ultraniskich temperaturach [Conservation of endangered plants of Polish flora in ultra-low temperaturę seed bank]
Roman Muranyi, Maciej Niedzielski, Jerzy Puchalski
Negative changes of natural environment cause increase importance of ex-situ plant protection. Seed banks might be a significant and important way of protection activities realized in botanical gardens. Cryostorage sufficiently prolonged time of storage in comparison to other method. It makes possible to preserve seed of threatened plants without reproduction. A great interspecies variability of seed morphology, physiology and chemical constituency make necessary to evaluate freezing regimes individually for every species. Present results obtained in the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences, support a preliminary hypothesis about high suitability of cryopreservation for protection of endangered plants
Strony [Pages]: 65–70
Kwitnienie i owocowanie starych odmian jabłoni w Ogrodzie Botanicznym PAN w Powsinie [Blooming and fruiting of old cultivars of apple-trees in the Botanical Garden of Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin
Marta Dziubiak
Observations of blooming and fruiting of old cultivars of apple-trees collected in the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences were carried out in years 1993–1994. Trees bloomed in the first decade of May on the level less then average in 1994, and about one week later then in 1993. Among 133 cultivars of trees 96 started yielding and 63 gave their first fruits in 1994. Fruiting was less then average. The periods of ripening of fruits were noted and fruits were described according to 15 most important features taken from UPOV descriptor.
Strony [Pages]: 71–76
Arboretum Ogrodu Botanicznego PAN w Powsinie [The Arboretum of the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin]
Andrzej Marczewski
The Arboretum of the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences occupies the area of 6 hectares. The first trees were planted in 1979. The woody plant collections occur also the whole Garden area and contain all together about 1400 taxa. Most important collections: conifers 400 taxa, over 300 taxa of the Heath family, magnolias over 40 different taxa, and a great population (about 2800 plants showing tremendous variability) of Pinus mugo Turra – fully protected in Poland. The large part of Arboretum is occupied by lawns – which make an impression of much more space than there really is, and offer a welcome smooth contrast to the presented plants. The main collections are planted on very long beds Winding on lawns. The background is composed of the tall growing conifers. Most of the species and varieties are represented by several – sometimes even hundreds individuals. Working with so many plants provides an opportunity to select new cultivars – most important: Taxus × media ‘Prof. Gorczyński’, Taxus × media ‘Prof. Kobendza’, Lari × eurolepis ‘Gnot’, Picea pungens ‘Tomek’.
Strony [Pages]: 77–84
Rodzaje i gatunki z rodziny ostrojowatych (Gesneriaceae) w kolekcji Ogrodu Botanicznego PAN w Powsinie [The genera and species of Gesneria family (Gesneriaceae) in the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin]
Wiesław Gawryś
The collection of the greenhouse plants in the Botanical Garden was specially interested in family Gesneriacene. A few years ago we started to collect this plants. At present we had 130 signature taxa which belong to 24 sorts and many unsignature varietes from following sorts: Saintpaulia, Streptocarpus, Aeschynanthus and Columnea. Strongly represented sorts were: Columnea (19 taxa), Aeschynanthus (18), Streptocarpus and Achimenes in 16 taxa. Particularly the sort of Saintpaulia was very interesting, because we managed to collect 14 species from whole group of 25 description species and varietes. The cultivation of species from this family was very difficult, because we always tried to fine new methods of cultivation. In spite of all many taxa grew very well and we had some problems with single taxa only. Our main duty is to collect all species and varietes from sort of Saintpaulia.
Strony [Pages]: 85–90
Tropikalne rośliny użytkowe w Ogrodzie Botanicznym PAN [Economic tropical plants in the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin]
Katarzyna Goller
Since 1982 there was collection of the green house plants in the Botanical Garden. We collected species of plants from tropical and subtropical climate, specially usable plants. At present this collection has 46 species and varietes of exotic edible plants. People who came to visit Botanical Garden were interested in collection of citrus plants which count 26 species and varietes, various species of banana plants, pomegranates, coffee, tee and other plants from the hot climate Almost all plants grew in soil in the greenhouse and we hadn’t any problems with cultivation.
Strony [Pages]: 91–96
Gatunki rodzaju Iris L. w Ogrodzie Botanicznym PAN [Species of genus Iris L. in the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences]
Bożena Żmudzin
The Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw has gathered the richest collection of species and varieties of Iris in Poland which contains 654 taxa, including 569 varieties of Tall Bearded group, 38 varieties of Standard Dwarf Bearded group and 47 natural species. During 1989-1993 most of the species from the collection were examined for the following features: length of flowering stem, number of flowers on stem, size and colour of petals, size and width of leaves, shape and size of seed vessel, frost and drought resistance. On the basis of the above study the Irises were divided into the following groups, suitable for planting in home and allotment gardens
Strony [Pages]: 97–104
Ogród Bylinowy w Ogrodzie Botanicznym PAN [The Perennial Garden in the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences]
Małgorzata Kowalska
In autumn 1992 work on a new exhibition called The Perennial Garden was begun. In the area of about 1.3 ha conditions were created to present blooming perennial plants that best demonstrate their ornamental value in a garden-park system. A hillock was formed to separate the collection of rock garden perennials. Reservoirs and waterways made possible to exhibit plants which need more water, and to enrich the collection by water and aquatic plants. The terraced slopes in the eastern part of the collection were appropriated for shade and twilight plants. There were planted trees and ornamental shrubs (over 200 species and varieties) which, together with the surrounding lawns, make background for the blooming perennials
Strony [Pages]: 105–108
Ogród Botaniczny Missouri w St. Louis – najstarszy ogród botaniczny w Stanach Zjednoczonych [Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis – the oldest Botanical garden in the United States of America]
Andrzej Marczewski
The Missouri Botanical Garden – the oldest in the U.S.A. is one of the world’s finest botanical institutions located in the center of St. Louis. It is a living tribute to its founder, Henry Shaw. Each year over 700 000 visitors come and admire the Garden. Combining horticultural displays, educational and community service programs, and scientific research, the Missouri Botanical Garden since 1971 under the direction of Dr. Peter H. Raven has achieved an unprecedented level of activity.
Strony [Pages]: 109–118
Polarno-alpejski Ogród Botaniczny w Kirowsku (Rosja) [Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden in Kirovsk (Russia)]
M. Tarant, M. Górska-Zajączkowska
The paper describes environmental conditions, the vegetation, plant collections and scientific activity of Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden in Kirovsk. It is the most north situated and the only botanical garden situated inside the Polar Circle. It is located in Kola Peninsula, in the south part of Khibiny Mountains. Its area is about 570 ha, including 300 ha of reserve part. ‘The Garden is situated in the boreal-climate zone modificated by the influence of the Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. The curiosity of the climate of Kola Peninsula is the lack of perennial permafrost. The vegetation period lasts for 80-110 days. At the Garden area the podsol soils dominate. Nowadays the Botanical Garden at Kirovsk exists as the Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and is divided into 6 departments: Department of Introduction and Acclimatisation of Plants, Department of Flora and Vegetal Resources, Department of Plant Physiology, Department of Pedology and Microbiology of Plants, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Green Belts, Department of Dendrology, Seed Laboratory and Herbarium. The park of the Garden is located on the former lake terrace area, at the altitude 320–340 m above sea level. It contains dendrological, introduced perennials, ornamental and medical plants and taxonomy sections. The collections of tropical and subtropical plants are collected in several greenhouses of total area 460 sq. meters. These collections have the didactic nature. Small rockgarden collects the plants from Balkans, Alps, Carpathians, Himalayas as well as the representative of native flora. More then a half of the Garden is the reserve of plants protecting natural communities growing on mountain side of Vudyavrchorr Mountain. It allows to make a trough study of the vegetational zonation of flora of Khibiny Mountains. The lowest zone is composed of the scattered, bright spruce or spruce-birchen forest of Picea abies and Picea obovata. At the altitude 370–440 m above sea level the subalpine zone exists. Here dominates the community of birch thicket with Betula pubescens spp. tortuosa. The alpine zone (370–750 m above sea level) has the mountain tundra character. Two sublayers can be distinguished: lower with scrubs of Betula nana with the admixture of willows Saix glauca and Salix lanata, and upper with dwarf shrubs community combined with mountains dwarf shrubs-lichen tundra or moss-lichen tundra. Particular plants can be found on screes: Dryas octopetala, Dryas punctata, Oxytropis sordida, Papaver lapponicum, Silene acaulis, Poa alpina. In the places with long-time snow cover one can find the communities with cryophilic species: Gnaphalim supinum, Cassiope hypnoides, Sibaldia procumbens, Salix polaris, Lycopodium alpinum. At the top of the mountain the stony-fields dominate, and the poor flora can be found in the rocky gaps and depressions of the area.
Strony [Pages]: 119–125
Kolekcje roślinne Uniwersyteckiego Ogrodu Botanicznego w Pune (Indie) [Plant collations of University of Pune Empress Botanical Garden (India)]
K. Węglarski
University of Pune Empress Botanical garden have an area about 20 ha. Collections include 3000 trees and shrubs under 400 species and 40 varieties of economic, medicinal and plants of taxonomic interests and rare and threatened plants of India f. ex.: Cerpegia attenuata HK.f., Frerea indica Dalz., Vanilia wightiana Lindl. ex HK. f., Psilotum nudum (L.) Beauv. and Santalum album L. Geographic and climatic data: Lat.: 18°30′ N, long.: 73°55′ E, Alt.: 650 m asl. Temp.: 8.2°C to 32.0°C (min. in January, max. in July). Rainfall: 714.7 mm. Status: University of Pune, Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Directorate of Botanical Survey of India. Postal address: Botanical Survey of India, Western Circle, 7 Koregaon Road, Pune (prov. Maharasthra) 411001.
Strony [Pages]: 127–129
