Funkcja nowoczesnego ogrodu botanicznego [The function of a modern botanical garden]
C. van Assche
For modern botanical gardens are important many problems, especially research, financing, property rights or management. Also history should be taken to consideration. The first gardens in sensu of botanical garden were cloisters gardens holding the collections of medicinal plants and spices. Presently in the whole world there are about 2000 botanic gardens and arboretums. Some of them were organized by universities, others by governmental or private organizations. All gardens are very important for human population. They play an important economic, scientific and educational rules. But it should be mentioned, that presently many of them have serious financial problems. Because of environment changes, especially atmospheric pollution some botanic gardens are threatened. Therefore in the future we should take more care on our botanical gardens.
Strony [Pages]: 3–6
Ogrody botaniczne istniejące dotychczas w Polsce i perspektywy ich dalszego rozwoju [Existing botanical gardens in Poland and perspectives of their further development in Poland]
Aleksander Łukasiewicz
This work presents the botanical gardens and arboreta formation in Poland from XVIII century to this moment. The factors of their further development are: expert and engaged staff, full advantage of the plant collections, constant allocation for gardens maintenance, their own periodical – Bulletin of Botanical Gardens, Botanical Gardens and Arboreta National Council, and also reasonable network of future botanical gardens in Poland.
Strony [Pages]: 7–11
The importance of the arboreta and botanical gardens of Slovakia for introduction, gene pool conservation and utilization of plants [Znaczenie arboretów i ogrodów botanicznych Słowacji dla introdukcji, ochrony zasobów genowych i wykorzystania roślin]
Ján Supuka
Rozwój europejskich ogrodów botanicznych byt związany z odkryciem Ameryki w 1492 roku. Na przykład z Kanady do Francji sprowadzono żywotnik Thuja plicata jako roślinę leczniczą przeciwko szkorbutowi. Azjatyckie rośliny drzewiaste były sprowadzane do Europejskich ogrodów od początku XVIII wieku. Miało to duże znaczenie w uzyskaniu wielu nowych drzew i krzewów ozdobnych. Na teren Słowacji pierwsze udokumentowane nowe rośliny były sprowadzane od V wieku, kiedy Rzymianie przywieźli pierwsze kasztany jadalne. W VII wieku z Azji do Słowacji dotarty: Morus alba, Armericana vulgaris, Persica vulgaris i Juglans regia, a z rejonu Morza Śródziemnego sprowadzono pierwsze obce rośliny ozdobne: Buxus sempevirens i Ilex aquifolium. W XVI wieku założone zostały ogrody roślin leczniczych w Czerwonym Klasztorze i tzw. Purkircherovym ogrodzie w Bratysławie.
Strony [Pages]: 13–18
Budowa i prowadzenie alpinariów w warunkach niżowych [The rock garden building and carrying on in the conditions of lowland]
Aleksander Łukasiewicz
This work presents life conditions of plants living in mountains and in Arctic. The following stages of lying out rock gardens are discussed here; conception of whole establishment, terrain forming (substance) settling down and the habitat preparation, planting and plants keeping. At the end of this work are presented conclusions concerning with the natural life conditions of alpine plants and their different life conditions on lowland. The moisture (humidity) must be recognized for the most scarce factor. Therefore, during the rock garden building water must be maximally excluded from, soil must be prepared reasonable and the indispensable care for plants must be assured.
Strony [Pages]: 19–29
Introduction and selection of Hippophae L. in Belarus [Introdukcja i selekcja rokitnika (Hoppophae L.) na Białorusi]
I. M. Garanovich
Celem badań było wprowadzenie rokitnika (Hippophae rhamnoides) do uprawy na Białorusi jako rośliny leczniczej ozdobnej lub właściwościach fitomelioracyjnych. Teoretyczną podstawą do uprawy tej rośliny w różnych rejonach Białorusi jest duży polimorfizm gatunku. Badane były różne populacje odmian i form lokalnych rokitnika pochodzących z wielu rejonów byłego Związku Radzieckiego: Kaukazu, Azji Środkowej, Zachodniej Syberii, Ałtaju, Tuwy, Buriacji, delty Dunaju oraz rejonu Kaliningradzkiego. Stwierdzono znaczne zróżnicowanie w rozwoju ontogenetycznym oraz w produktywność różnych odmian i form lokalnych w czasie uprawy na Białorusi. Na tej podstawie wybrano najbardziej przydatne odmiany. Przy ocenie brano pod uwagę plon owoców, zawartość oleju, kwasu askorbinowego oraz karotenoidów. Wykonane były prace selekcyjne w celu otrzymania najlepszych do uprawy na Białorusi form. Inne prace polegały na krzyżowaniu różnych form oraz uzyskiwaniu indywidualnych mutantów. Na podstawie wieloletniej oceny zostały wybrane najbardziej produktywne formy o wysokiej zawartości oleju i kwasu askorbinowego. Autor opisał także 5-stopniowy schemat introdukcji rokitnika do warunków białoruskich.
Objective causes of introducing Hippophae, as medical, decorative or phytomeliorative plant are examined. Theoretical prerequisite of rowing the plant in Belarus in intemittent and vast areas is its big polimoiphism. There has been studied population variability of Hippophae in a number of regions. There have been shown different qualities of geographical races and numerous populations, measure of their stability and productivity in Belarussian conditions on the basis of studying the whole ontogenetic cycle. Ecological and biological peculiarities of the cultivars were studied detaily in Belarus. The most perspective cultivars for the country were chosen. Technology of reproduction, growing, and plantation cultivation was improved. Selective work is done with the help of chemical mutagenesis and hybridization. Theoretical conception of introducing into practice of woody plants Hippophae has been worked out. This conception being the most optimal and complex includes five steps: search and studies of the original material found in natural environment; studying of different types and cultivars of Hippophae e and choosing the best cultivars for agriculture of Belarus; reproduction of chosen cultivars; and working out the technology of growing the plants; introducing them into practice, selection of Hippophae in Belarus.
Strony [Pages]: 31–42
Kolekcja wybranych zbiorowisk polskiej roślinności stepowej utworzona w Ogrodzie Botanicznym Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Powsinie [The collection of some chosen Polish plant communities of the steppe created in the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin]
H. Belt
Strony [Pages]: 43–65
Analiza jakości nasion wybranych gatunków drzew i krzewów pochodzących z Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie [Seeds quality analysis of selected trees and shrubs species from the Botanical Garden of Jagiellonian University in Cracow]
Bartłomiej Bednarz
The quality of seeds of 49 trees and shrubs species, growing in the Botanical Garden of Jagiellonian University in Cracow were estimated. The usefulness of seeds for the replanting and seedling production for city decorative green areas and planting were defined.
Strony [Pages]: 67–72
Rzeźba terenu i warunki gruntowo-wodne Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu [The sculpture of the landscape, soil and water conditions of Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań]
Szymon Łukasiewicz
This work presents sculpture of the landscape, soil and water conditions of Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. The Garden is located on the area of two geomorphologic units: the flat moraine height of the Baltic glaciation and the high terrace of the glacial gully of Bogdanka Brook. The clayey sand and sandy clay which lay under the soil stratum are deposited on sands and base coal containing the first level of ground water. The loamy formations which are present in the rhizosphere are not advantageous for the optimal plant growth. Therefore on the some garden beds the ground was replaced to the depth of 1 meter. The most important for plant development behind the soil are: the rainfalls and temperature.
Strony [Pages]: 73–78
Dydaktyczna wystawa roślin tropikalnych ze zbiorów Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu w Palmiarni Poznańskiej [The didactic tropical plants exhibition from the collection of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Palm House]
Justyna Wiland
The didactic tropical plants exhibition was organised in the Poznań Palm House by the employees of the Department of Geobotany of the Adam Mickiewicz University and consists of a small part of collection gathered by Prof. S. Lisowski. The exhibition comprises sections relating to biology, ecology and taxonomy of tropical plants, flora and vegetation of the tropical Africa and ethnobotany. About 1500 various exhibits are shown here, so one may admire a large number of herbarium specimens, tropical fruits and seeds, schematic diagrams, maps and photos. The collection serves as an educational help for students and a comparative material for palm house plants.
Strony [Pages]: 79–84
Muzeum dendrologiczne przy Instytucie Dendrologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Kórniku [Dendrology Museum of the Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kórnik]
Urszula Nawrocka-Grześkowiak, Tomasz Kozłowski
Our Museum of Dendrology was organized by the Section of Dendrology and Pomology in 1933. There is not a lot of collection left from this time, but they were the beginning of our museum. The Museum of Dendrology should make popular a knowledge about trees and shrubs, their biology and economically advantages. The most of exhibits are comming from the Arboretum collection, but also from other parts of our country and from abroad. There are about three thousand trees and shrubs (three hundred species of gymnospermous) in our museal catalogues. The most attractive and original is a collection of seeds and fruits of trees and shrubs especially from tropical zone. Very interesting in our exhibition are models of wood – in longitudinal and cross-sections, and also trees – veneers of inland and other climates.
Strony [Pages]: 85–89
Arboretum im. Mieczysława Wilczkiewicza w Lądku Zdroju na Dolnym Śląsku [The Mieczysław Wilczkiewicz Arboretum in Lądek Zdrój in Lower Silesia]
Jerzy Hrynkiewicz-Sudnik
The arboretum in Lądek Zdrój was founded in 1972 by Mieczysław Wilczkiewicz, a forestry engineer. In appreciation of his merits it was named after him. Up to now there has not been published any study on the arboreal collection in Lądek and thus it still constitutes an interesting area of research for a dendrologist. The stocktaking performed by the author in 1994 revealed that since the foundation only 150 taxa had survived and normally developed. It is worth mentioning that initially (1972–1976) 251 species were planted. The material for planting had been produced in own plant nursery or obtained as a gift from other botanical gardens in Poland and elsewhere. Among species unusual for the arboretum and Sudeten Foothills the following should be numbered: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cryptomeria japonica, Calocedrus decurrens, Ginkgo biloba, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Taxodium distinhum, Thujopsis dolabrata, Acer palmatum, Acer saccharum, Aesculus paiviflora, Castanea sativa, Cercidyphyllum japonicum, Magnolia kobus, Pyrus salicifolia, Rhododendn ‘Catawbiense-Hybridum’.
Strony [Pages]: 91–100
Dawny szkolny ogród botaniczny we Wrocławiu – obecnie sektor Parku Szczytnickiego [Former school botanical garden in Wrocław – now sector of Szczytnicki Park]
Zygmunt Dajdok, Zygmunt Kącki
This paper describes former city, school, botanical garden which existed in Wrocław between 1887 and 1945. It was established because of a great interest in teaching botany by using growing plants or excursions to the garden at that time. The area of 7.7 ha of the former garden was divided into 4 parts: 1) systematic part; 2) arboretum together with forest and meadow vegetation; 3) vegetation of wetlands; 4) flora of the Karkonosze mountains and Silesia plateau together with alpine and exotic plants. City, school, botanical garden was very important in Wrocław before World War II. Almost 200 schools of different levels used plants from the garden. Over 1000000 individual plants for lessons have been prepared in the garden, only during one year 1912. It was possible to have a lesson right after the excursion to the garden – there was a special room prepared for 50 pupils. Other gardens like for example in Magdeburg , Eberfeld or Bratyslawa followed Wroclaw’s garden example. After World War II the previous function of the described object was not restored. Whole area of the former garden has been joined to one of the biggest Wroclaw’s parks – Szczytnicki Park. On this area it is still possible to find many interesting species of trees or shrubs from all over the world. Some of them remind of the city school botanical garden, other have been planted after World War II. Unfortunately, the tendency to die out of some species from the collection is observed in the area. It is supposed that the reduction of the water table is the main reason of this proces. Some activities must be undertaken to stop the process of destruction of the described area because of it’s historical, floristic and landscape values.
Strony [Pages]: 101–107
Południowo-Chiński Ogród Botaniczny w Kantonie (prowincja Guangdong – Chińska Republika Ludowa) [South-Chinese Botanical Garden in Kanton (Guangdong province – People’s Republic of China)]
Karol Węglarski
South China Botanical Garden is located in Longyandong City. The area is defined by the following co-ordinates: 113° 21′ E and 23° 11′ N. The altitudinal range is from 20 to 327 m. The climatic conditions of the region are shown in climatic diagram from the weather station of Kanton (fig. 1). The data indicate a high average annual rainfall ranging 1414 mm with a distinctly marked prehumid period in the summer months. The mean annual temperature is about 21°C. The data show that the climate here is subtropical and has a monsoon character. In the Garden dominating soil are red soil and, in the local river valleys, alluvial soils. Name and postal address: South-China Botanical Garden, Longyandong, Guangzhou, China.
Strony [Pages]: 109–113
Kolekcje roślin strefy podzwrotnikowej w Ogrodzie Dendrologicznym na wyspie Mainau (Niemcy) [Subtropical Zone Plant Collections of the Dendrological Garden on Mainau Island (Germany)]
Tomasz Kubala
The garden is located on the Mainau Island, on Bodensee, in Germany. The garden was in 1827 established, it has a rich collection of 3000 taxa of trees and shrubs planted on the area of 43 ha. The garden has an interesting collection of subtropical zone plants, orchids and ornamental plants. It is open from 9:00 to 17:00.
Strony [Pages]: 115–118
Historia Biuletynu Ogrodów Botanicznych w Polsce [The history of the Bulletin of the Botanic Gardens in Poland]
Aleksander Łukasiewicz
This paper presents the history of the Polish Bulletin of Botanical Gardens (Biuletyn Ogrodów Botanicznych) which starts from 1953. At he beginning, the Bulletin was the part of Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. In 1957 it was incorporated in the Botanical News (Wiadomości Botaniczne), and from 1992 it exists as a separate periodic: Bulletin of the Botanical Gardens, Museums and Collections (Biuletyn Ogrodów Botanicznych, Muzeów i Zbiorów). The constant development of the scientific and technical stuff of the botanical gardens results in increase of the content of the Bulletin: from 1 printed sheet in 1954 to 10 sheets in 1996. The contents of the Bulletin reflects the peculiarity of the botanical gardens, their scientific, didactic and social role.
Strony [Pages]: 119–123
Floralia Powsińskie [The Powsin Flower Shows]
W. Gawryś
Strony [Pages]: 125–126
