Działalność Ogrodu Botanicznego w Łodzi [Activities of the Botanical Garden in Łódź]
Janina Krzemińska-Freda
Established initially by prof. dr Jan Muszyński in 1946 as the Garden of Medicinal Plants (1.3 ha), the garden gradually extended to the contemporary area of 64.1 ha. The first part of the garden was opened to the public in 1973 (20 ha). From 1977 to 1992 the Botanical Garden of Łódź was a part of Culture and Recreation Park. Since 1992 the Botanical Garden in Łódź has been managed by the Nature Conservancy Department of the City. In the Garden are presented many species of domestic and foreign flora. Rich collection (ca 3500 taxa) comprises 9 thematic sections: arboretum, flora of Poland, Japanese garden, taxonomical division, herbs and utilized plants division, alpinarium, collection of ornamental plants, plant biology and morphology department, park green places. The Garden is also in possession of an interesting collection of greenhouse plants (ca 4500 individuals), placed in the Palm House. In three pavilions of it there are exposed: hardleaf vegetation, cacti and another succulents and tropical flora, including the oldest palms in Poland. The Botanical Garden plays also important educational, popularizational and social role. The staff of the Garden conduct lectures, workshops, laboratory exercises and guided tours for kids, youth and adult people. Personnel gives also free consultations on plant cultivation and gardening. Each year there are 11 thematic seasonal displays accompanied by the prelections, demonstrations and fairs of plants and specialized books.
Strony [Pages]: 3–10
The distribution of Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. in Estonia and changes in its population [Rozmieszczenie Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. w Estonii i zmiany jej populacji]
Ülle Kukk
The distribution of Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. has considerably diminished in the recent 30 years in Estonia. Using herbaria, literature, and 8-year monitoring data a distribution map of different periods is presented in the article. The analysis of the monitoring data indicates the diminishing of the size and vitality of the majority of preserved subpopulations. The cessation of mowing and grazing, in addition melioration and pollution of habitats in floodplain and paludified grasslands have caused their overgrowing with shrubs and forest, which is suggested as the main reason of the decrease. The location of Ligularia sibirica on the border of distribution area as an affecting agent has been discussed as well.
Słowa kluczowe [Keywords]: Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass., distribution, population size, monitoring, habitats, land use
Strony [Pages]: 11–22
Storeyed structure of cambium as an adaptive strategy to environmental conditions in trees forming the canopy and the emergent layer of the tropical rain forests [Piętrowa struktura kambium jako strategia adaptacyjna do warunków środowiska u drzew tworzących sklepienie lasu i poziom drzew wynurzających się w deszczowym lesie tropikalnym]
Paweł Kojs, Wiesław Włoch, Aleksandra Rusin, Waldemar Szendera
In a given environment, organisms capable of optimizing the utilization of the resource available as a limiting factor, dominate. In tropical rainforests, during first few years of growth of trees light is a limiting factor in understorey strata. The individuals that reach the canopy first, win the struggle for light. However the height of trees is limited by the mechanical properties of the trunk which depend on its anatomical structure, especially the structure of wood which in turn depends on the structure and activity of vascular cambium. High mechanical strength is provided by the interlocked grain of wood. The formation of interlocked grain is based on a fast cyclical change in orientation of the fusiform cambial initials. Such a fast cell rearrangement is possible only in the storeyed cambium. It is hypothesized that the presence of the storied cambium has an adaptative value for the fast growing trees. It seems to be an important evolutional achievement which facilitates fast cell rearrangement in the cambium without excessive expenditure of energy on such events as intensive intrusive growth, frequent oblique anticlinal divisions and rapid eliminations of excessive fusiform initials which are characteristic of a nonstoreyed cambium.
Słowa kluczowe [Keywords]: adaptation to environment, the canopy and emergent trees, storeyed cambium, interlocked grain, tropical rainforest
Strony [Pages]: 23–29
Rośliny występujące spontanicznie w Polskich Ogrodach Botanicznych – przegląd listy florystycznej [The spontaneous flora of Botanical Gardens in Poland: a review]
Halina Galera
In the years 1992–1999 a total of 1153 taxa of vascular plants (species, subspecies, varieties, forms and hybrids) were recorded in 8 botanical gardens in Poland. The synanthropic flora was composed of 1092 taxa. Ergasiophygophytes comprised 32% of the total number of species (alien plants introduced temporarily to Polish gardens via cultivation – 350 taxa). The present study showed that botanical gardens could be a refuge to the native flora only to some extent. Among the 77 nonsynanthropic species noted in the area studied, only 5 species were legally protected and 1 was considered endangered in Poland. The botanical gardens contribute to a greater richness of species (in a given area) which results from the gradual increase in the number of alien species (77 species new to Poland were recorded, among which only Cordylanthus maritimus did not escape from cultivation). Special attention was paid to alien plants which have a large potential for becoming invasive and pose a serious threat to the native flora of Poland (e.g. Physalis ixocarpa, Panicum capillareand hybrids Tradescantia × andersoniana). The far reaching effects of spontaneous emergence of hybrids (e.g. Primula × media, Prunella × dissecta), due particulary to introgressive hybridization (hybridization between Aquilegia × hybrida and Aquilegia vulgaris, a native of Poland) were considered.
Strony [Pages]: 31–82
Skład chemiczny i masa nasion na tle intensywności owocowania kasztanowca białego Aesculus hippocastanum L. w warunkach miejskich Poznania [Chemical composition and seeds mass in relation to intensity of fruiting of white horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum L. under urban conditions of Poznań]
Szymon Łukasiewicz
Chemical composition of white horse-chestnut seeds collected from 20 stands in the area of Poznań were compared with intensity of fruiting and the mass of seeds. In addition generative processes of white horse-chestnut were related to other components of the urban environment such as foliage and substrate chemistry, growth and phenology. There were no differences among sites in chemical composition of seeds. A positive and statistically significant, relationship was found between fruiting intensity and available phosphorus concentration in soil, and negative relationships of fruiting and substrate pH and Ca concentration. The mass of seeds was positively correlated with the general condition of trees expressed by the length of leafing phase, length of annual shoot increases and radial stem growth. Seed mass was positively correlated with foliage N and S concentration, S and N, S and K concentration in seeds. Chlorine concentration in the substrate has negative effect on seed mass.
Słowa kluczowe [Keywords]: Aesculus hippocastanum L., seeds, chemical composition, urbanized environment
Strony [Pages]: 83–90
Wpływ środowiska miejskiego na zawartość escyny w nasionach kasztanowca białego (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) [Effect of urban environment on escine content in seeds of white horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.)]
Szymon Łukasiewicz, Krzysztof Kmieć
Results of analyses of escine content in seeds of white horse-chestnut collected from 20 stands in the area of Poznan and correlations of that value with the results of analyses of the chosen components of urban environment were presented in this paper. Significant dependences of percentage content of escine in seeds on phenological phases, biometric measurements and soil environment parameters and chemical content of leaves were proved.
Słowa kluczowe [Keywords]: Urban ecology, urbanized environment, Aesculus hippocastanum, white horse-chestnut, seasonal rhythmic, phenology, physical structure of soil, soil chemistry, leave nutrition, gas exchange, seed chemistry, escine, urban climate
Strony [Pages]: 91–98
Wkład Wrocławskiego Ogrodu Botanicznego w ochronę i popularyzację zagrożonych roślin wodnych i błotnych ze stref klimatu ciepłego [Contribution of Wrocław Botanical Garden in protection and popularization of threatened water- and swamp plants from sub- and tropical regions]
Ryszard Kamiński
Contribution of the Wrocław Botanical Garden to protection of threatened water- and swamp plants from sub- and tropical regions is significant. The Botanical Garden as first in the world, worked out methods of propagation in tissue culture of many species of water plants, from the genus Aponogeton and Echinodorus. These plants are valuable for aquarists and are object of trade. Our garden has collection and exposition of plants recommended to cultivation in aquariums, that is one of the biggest in the world. It shows threatened species and teaches how to distinguish plants reproduced by European gardeners from those imported plants from tropics. It is important, because some plants offered on aquaristic market, can be gained from natural habitats.
Strony [Pages]: 99–103
Gatunki roślin Konwencji Waszyngtońskiej CITES w kolekcjach Ogrodu Botanicznego UAM w Poznaniu [CITES plant species in the collections of the Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań]
Jolanta Jańczyk-Węglarska
The paper presents the list of CITES plant species which are growing in the Botanical Garden in Poznań. This collection is offered and employed as educational purposes to Customs officials and Phytohealth services.
Strony [Pages]: 105–108
Zagrożone gatunki roślin tropikalnych i subtropikalnych objęte Konwencją Waszyngtońską w kolekcji Ogrodu Roślin Leczniczych Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu [The threatened tropical and subtropical species of plants protected by CITES in the collection of Botanical Garden for Medicinal Plants University of Medicine in Wrocław]
Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka, Anna Procyk
This paper presents the list of endangered species protected by CITES, collected in greenhouse of the Botanical Garden for Medicinal Plants. It concerns 48 species from families Agavaceae, Cactaceae, Eyphorbiaceae, Liliaceae and Orchidaceae. Also the therapeutic characteristic of some species was represented.
Strony [Pages]: 109–112
Sagowce w kolekcjach Polskich Ogrodów Botanicznych [Cycads in the Polish Botanical Gardens]
Wiesław Gawryś
A survey carried out in eight Polish botanical gardens which have a collection of tropical plants has shown that there are 35 species and one variety of Cycads grown in our gardens. They belong to 7 genera. The genera concerned are the following: Ceratozamia (2), Cycas (5) Dioon (3), Encephalartos (15), Macrozamia (4 species and one variety), Stangeria (1), and Zamia (5). The gardens that have the greatest number of Cycads are: The Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Conservation of The Polish Academy of Sciences (19), The Botanical Garden of the Wrocław University (16), The Poznań Palm House and The Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow and The Botanical Garden of the Warsaw University (14 species each). On the other hand, the garden that has the fewest species is The Botanical Garden of the Maria Skłodowska-Curie University in Lublin (only two species). The 150-year-old specimens of Cycas circinalis, C. revoluta, Ceratozamia robusta and the 160-year-old Dioon edule growing in The Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University, and the 150-year-old Encephalartos lehmanii in The Poznań Palm House are certainly among the oldest specimens growing in Poland. An interesting species is Macrozamia moorei growing in The Poznań Palm House – basing on its size, the age of this plant is being estimated for about 300 years. This specimen was bought a few years ago in one of the Western-European companies. It had probably been gained from a natural locality. Currently its stems have reached the height of 270 cm and its circumference at the height of 1 m above the ground is 169 cm. Cycas circinalis, growing in The Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow has the highest stem (450 cm). Other large plants, whose stems have reached the height of 150 cm, are Ceratozamia robusta and Dioon edule both in The Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University.
Strony [Pages]: 113–117
Sagowce w Ogrodzie Botanicznym Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego [The cycads in the Botanical Garden of Wrocław University]
Elżbieta Bogaczewicz, Magdalena Mularczyk
Nowadays cycads are rarely occurring plants which can be found only in a warm climate. They are primitive seed plants which appeared on the Earth over 250 million years ago and reached their peak in the Mesozoic Era. Some of them have survived to these days. There is only 100 species in 11 genera of them. As a result of human activity all cycads are in danger of becoming extinct in the wild. That is why it is so important to protect these plants. Botanical gardens play important role for cycads conservation by keeping their genetical variety and by educating society. The Botanical Garden of the Wrocław University owns 15 species and one cultivar of cycads. The oldest and the most beautiful one is Encephalartos sp. (similar to E. longifolius (Jacq.) Lehm.). Others are mentioned on the included list.
Strony [Pages]: 119–123
Kolekcja paproci egzotycznych w Ogrodzie Botanicznym CZRB PAN w Powsinie [Collection of the exotic ferns in the Botanical Garden of PAS]
Katarzyna Goller, Wiesław Gawryś
Since 1982 there was collection of the greenhouse plants in the Botanical Garden. Among them, ferns are the big group and count 130 species and varieties. The most interesting plants are tree ferns. At present this collection has 8 species from the following genus: Cyathea, Dicksonia, Cibotium and Blechnum. All those species were multiplied by culture ‘in vitro’ in our garden. Also, we have many species from natural habitats in Vietnam. There are Pseudodrynaria coronans, Humata tyermanii, Quercifilix zeyla nica, Tectaria decurrens, Asplenium prolongatum, Pyrrosia lingua, Angiopteris annamensis, Osmunda japonica, Lygodium digitatum.
Strony [Pages]: 125–128
Kolekcja roślin mięsożernych we Wrocławskim Ogrodzie Botanicznym i sposób jej prezentacji [Collection of carnivorous plants in the Botanical Garden of Wrocław University and its exposition]
Krzysztof Szczerbiński
The carnivorous plants are the group of approximately 500 species wide dispersed all over the world besides the coldest regions. Lots of them are endemits or very rare and are threatened. The Botanical Garden of the Wrocław University has collected 98 species of carnivorous plants from different genera. Most of them are grown in pots placed in a container of shallow water (capillary beds). 29 species stay in vitro as the tissue culture. For visitors the plants are exhibited in the glasscase of the greenhouse and in the open at the Section of Plant System.
Strony [Pages]: 129–135
Stapeliowe (Asclepiadaceae) w kolekcji sukulentów Ogrodu Botanicznego UMCS w Lublinie [Stapeliads (Asclepiadaceae) in collection of succulents in the Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin]
Grażyna Szymczak, Maciej Kwiatkowski
The collection of stapeliads (Asclepiadaceae) in the Botanical Garden of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University consists of more than 100 species representing 20 genera. Stapeliads have complicated structure of male and female generative organs of flowers and complex pollination system. About 60% in Asclepiadoideae subfamily have only one species of specialized insect pollinator. Stapeliads originate from arid regions of Africa, Arabian peninsula, Madagascar and Asia. Very interesting species in collection are Pseudolithos migiurtinus (Chiov.) Bally, Pseudolithos dodsoniana (Lavranos) Bruyns, Rythidocaulon macrolobum Lavranos, Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes, Larryleachia perlata (Dinter) Plowes, Larryleachia keetmaschopense, Edithcolea grandis N. E. Br. var. grandis i Edithcolea grandis var. baylissiana Lavranos et Hardy. The collection of stapeliads in the Botanical Garden in Lublin can be considered as being in constant development.
Strony [Pages]: 137–140
Dalsze obserwacje rozwoju siewek Welwitschia mirabilis w Ogrodzie Botanicznym UAM w Poznaniu [Further observations on Welwitschia mirabilis seedling development at the Adam Mickiewicz University Botanical Garden]
Ewa Kazimierczak-Grygiel
In 2001 ten seeds of Welwitschia mirabilis collected from Berlin-Dahlem were sown at the Botanical Garden of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. They were sown in plastic tubes in October. During 12 months growth of the seedlings and length of leaves and roots were measured. The cultures were kept in a growth chamber equipped with fluorescent light, at a temperature between 25–30°C, and 25–45% relative humidity. In summer the seedlings were transferred into a greenhouse. The seed germination rate was remained 80%. The cotyledons remained green up to the 10th month. During the 60 days period roots achieved length of 15 cm, during 12 monthly period leaves achieved the maximum length of 22.3 cm. The average increment of root was 0.29 cm per day, and of leaf was 1.48 per month. The plants were regularly watering and fertilized 3 times during summer. The observation will be continued.
Strony [Pages]: 141–144
Ekspozycja sezonowa roślinności obszaru śródziemnomorskiego w Ogrodzie Botanicznym Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu [The seasonal exhibition of vegetation of the Mediterranean area in the Botanical Garden of the A. Mickiewicz University in Poznań]
Iwona Maciejewska
In the Botanical Garten of the A. Mickiewicz University in Poznań, occasionally in the summer season, there is exhibited the Mediterranean flora in the open air. There can be found 22 of the most characteristic hard-leaf species (maquis), which appear mostly in the lower situated territories along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The mentioned exhibition exists in the neighbourhood of grounds of the plants geography on which grow sub-Mediterranean species representing heat-loving forests and the brush-woods of South-Europe.
Strony [Pages]: 145–146
Przystosowanie kolekcji fitogeograficznych w Ogrodzie Botanicznym UAM w Poznaniu dla potrzeb ogólnospołecznej edukacji przyrod [The adaptation of phytogeographical collections in Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań for purposes of common public nature education]
Jolanta Jańczyk-Węglarska, Karol Węglarski
An attempt to enrichment the education value of collections through exhibition of geobotanical species relations was started in the Poznań Botanical Garden in 2000. There were prepared educational trails in the plant geography division. The routes through botanical collections are illustrating the composition of plant species in different geobotanical areas.
Strony [Pages]: 147–150
Rośliny lecznicze i chroniące zdrowie strefy klimatu ciepłego w kolekcjach Ogrodu Roślin Leczniczych Akademii Medycznej w Gdańsku [The plant of tropical zone used for health protection and as medicinal ones in collections of Medicinal Plant Garden in Gdańsk]
Maria Zielińska-Stasiek, Wojciech Cisowski, Jolanta Zarębska
The Medicinal Plant Garden of the Medical University of Gdańsk specializes in the cultivation of tropical zone plants with the special emphase of those which have medicinal properties. In the collection we have Mediterranean plants as well as those which are specific for Africa, America and Asia region. All of them are cultivated inside and outside of greenhouses. The observations of their growth and development together with sensitively towards biotic and abiotic factors are carried on for all plants grown in the garden. As a results of the above observation it was found out that all plants grown very well in the Medicinal Plant Garden. The exceptions are: Taxodium ascendens Rich., T. distichum Rich. and three species of Cephalotaxus sp. div. genera which are not frost resistant. The species mentioned above are the matrix for phytochemical analysis (isolation and identification of bioactive compounds). The phytochemical analysis is mainly concentrated on volatile oils, lipids, flavonoids, tannins and amino acids. Plants grown in greenhouses are cultivated for teaching purpose as well as for phytochemical analysis.
Strony [Pages]: 151–157
Drzewa i krzewy pochodzące z ciepłych stref klimatycznych występujących na terenie WPKiW w Chorzowie [Trees and shrubs originated from warm climatic zones occurred in the Voivodeship Park of Culture and Recreation in Chorzów]
Izabela Gerold, Adam Rostański
Created in 1951 The General Jerzy Ziętek Voivodeship Park of Culture and Recreation in Chorzów, is to this times only one object on European scale, form as largest from pioneer investments on a huge area (ca. 600 ha) of postindustrial wasteland. Building a huge object from bases – without leaning oneself on existing stand – was extremely difficult assignment. Before building the Park considerable part of this terrain was cultivated fields, industrial terrain, heaps, however natural afforestations was small percentage of surface. In first stages of building the Park terrain was afforested by the pioneer species. After producing suitable microclimate, people began planting noble species – often originating from zones of warm climate – having to determine stand in futures. At present dendroflora WPKiW is one from greatest collection of trees and shrubs on Upper Silesia, reach in specimens with interesting decorative values, exotic taxa being in our geographical widths a true unique specimens. Over 14% entire number of the taxa occurred in WPKiW determine sorts originating from warm climatic zones. It was e.g. Liriodendron tulipifera L., Magnolia tripetala L., Colutea arborescens L., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Lonicera korolkowii Stapf., Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem., Liquidambar styraciflua L., Ilex aquifolium L. On the basis of geographical analysis of the dendroflora from warm climatic zones is – 15 species originate from Southern Europe, 19 are derived from North America and 14 from the Far East (South-Eastern Asia).
Strony [Pages]: 159–164
Rośliny Azji Mniejszej w kolekcji „Rośliny Biblii” Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego [Plants of Asia Minor in the collections of “Biblical Plants” in Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University]
Zofia Włodarczyk
The Bible is the book that describes events which took place in Asia Minor, mainly in ancient Palestine. The Scripture includes also numerous descriptions of nature and plants. Many botanical gardens set up collections which consist of these biblical plants. In the Polish Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University such a collection exists and it includes 22 species of trees and 20 herbaceous species. Certain plants are presented according to ten biblical topics. Their names are: Seven Species, Building Material of the Holy Temple, Four Species of Sukkot, Burning Bush of Moses, Bitter Herbs, “Jonah’s Shrub”, Plants for Tithes, Parable of the Mustard’s Grain, Christ Thorn, Myrrh and Aloes. Moreover each plant has a label on which, apart from its Latin and Polish name, a quotation from the Bible in written.
Strony [Pages]: 165–168
Cykl życiowy i obserwacje morfologiczne cyklamenu purpurowego (Cyclamen purpurascens Mill.) [The life cycle and morphological observation of Cyclamen purpurascens Mill]
Anna Trela-Ćwikła, Maria Piskornik
Yielding and morphological observation of Cyclamen purpurascens were investigated in conditions of southern Poland. Cyclamen purpurascens plants bloom from July to the first frost, the blooming being poor in the first year after planting and abundant in the second. The leaves preserve their decorative value during the entire vegetation season, including the winter period.
Strony [Pages]: 169–172
Uprawy szklarniowe roślin zielarskich ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kultur hydroponicznych [Greenhouse cultivation of medicinal plants with a special regard to hydroponic culture]
Jan Kozłowski, Waldemar Buchwald, Danuta Szczygielska
This review consists of the studies on the possibility of medicinal plant cultivation in greenhouse conditions on a large scale. Hydroponic culture was used for this purpose. The results of experiments carried out in the Research Institute of Medicinal Plants of Poznań are presented. On the base of up-to-date experiments it was found that: 1. Plant raw materials of Catharanthus roseus G. Don. and Aloe arborescens Mill. obtained from hydroponic culture contain more biological active substances than the raw materials from the soil cultivation. It is also possible to obtain higher yield of raw material in a shorter time. 2. Hydroponic culture of Solanum laciniatum Ait. and Catharanthus roseus G. Don. (acclimatized plants) makes the seed production of these plants possible. In our climatic conditions these plants often do not produce ripe seeds in the soil cultivation. 3. Plants of Umbelliferae family (Ammi visnaga Lam. and Pimpinella anisum L.) fail to grow in this kind of cultivation.
Strony [Pages]: 173–175
Potrzeba aktywnej ochrony w warunkach ex situ zagrożonych i chronionych elementów flory kserotermicznej Rezerwatu skalno-stepowego Skorocice [Necessity of active protection in ex situ conditions of endangered and protected elements of xerothermic flora in the rock and steppe Skorocice Reserve]
Bożena Łuszczyńska
The paper presents the endangered and protected xerothermic plants growing in the Skorocice reserve (Małopolska Upland). The following plants are critically endangered (CR): Arabis recta and Serratula lycopifolia, while Veronica paniculata and Sisymbrium polymorphum are the endangered species (EN). The vulnerable species (VU) are: Linum hirsutum, Stipa joannis and Carex supina (Kaźmierczakowa, Zarzycki 2001). The remaining rare and endangered species are included in the list of endangered species (Zarzycki, Szelàg 1992) in the following categories: Scorzonera purpurea (R), Sesleria uliginosa (V), Thlaspi perfoliatum (R). In the reserve there are also numerous species under the strict protection. These are: Adonis vernalis, Anemone sylvestris, Cirsium pannonicum, Linosyris vulgaris, Ornithogalum collinum, O. umbellatum, Oxytropis pilosa, Stipa capillata. The species under the partial protection are: Ononis spinosa, Primula elatior and P. veris. The advancing process of reserve over growing by shrubs and trees (secondary succession) results in the diminishing number of the above mentioned species. It is therefore essential to apply the methods of active protection in the conditions in situ. These conditions are: long term monitoring of constant areas and cutting shrubs. Where as in the conditions ex situ the methods are: cultivation of most precious species in the botanical gardens, storing the endangered plants in the form of gene bank, and then re-introducing such plants into the nature.
Strony [Pages]: 177–181
Świat roślinny Malabaru (południowo-zachodnie Indie) – zagrożenia i ochrona [Vegetation of Malabar (south-western India) – threat and protection]
Karol Węgirski
The paper presents principal vegetational formations existing in the region of Malabar (south-western India). Dominant formations are: – dry monsoon forest with Tectona grandis and Butea monosperma, – semi-deciduous forests with Terminalia arjuna and Eugenia jambolana, – evergreen forests with Mangifera indica and Calamus niger. Edaphic vegetations is represented by sand beach vegetations and formation of mangroves.
Strony [Pages]: 183–186
Sukulentowa flora Meksyku – zagrożenia i ochrona [The succulent flora of Mexico – the threatments and conservation]
Jacek Kański
The Republic of Mexico abounds into varied natural positions of succulents. Practically they grow on the ground of all country. Many of these plants have economical meaning. In many cases plants occupied natural habitats are explored. Populations of succulents are subject to numerous threats, so that efforts to gnaw all round with them protection. Botanical gardens, also the Botanical Garden of Wrocław, contribute to the maintenance of gene pool of rare succulent taxa.
Strony [Pages]: 187–189
Nikicki Ogród Botaniczny na przedmieściach Jałty na Krymie [Nikita Botanical Garden near Yalta in the Crimea]
Jarosław Sieradzki
The Nikita Botanical Garden is one of the oldest botanical gardens in the world. It was founded in 1812. It is situated in the small village Nikita near Yalta on the Black Sea coast in the area 1100 hectares. This Garden is a large scientific institute for fundamental research in botany which belongs to the Ukraine Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It contains 12 scientific departments, old library, very large herbarium and vegetation, collecting of plants, introduction of new varietic and hybrids of flowers, fruit trees, industrial, ornamental plants as well as other plants. 50 000 taxa (species, varietic, and hybrids) of plants are grown in the Garden. The collection of trees consists of a lot of old specimens such as over one hundred-year old cedars, cypresses, oaks, pines, gingko and other species. The Garden is a great attraction for the tourists and very important place for the visitors who are interested in botany.
Strony [Pages]: 191–195
Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. ‘Rogów’ – nowa odmiana stewarcji kameliowatej [Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. ‘Rogów’ – new cultivar of Japanese Stewartia]
Jerzy Tumiłowicz
New cultivar of Stewartia pseudocamellia is described. This tree is 37 years old, it has 16 cm dbh and 12 meters high. The bark exfoliates in large, irregular plates, various tints of the colour of bronze. During several years, due to the large and flat flowers, it was considered to be var. koreana Sealy. This cultivar was distinguished on the ground of size and shape of the flowers. They are open, with spreading petals, nearly flat, 8–10, maximum 11,5 cm in diameter. The length of petals is 4–5 cm, they are little concave, wavy in the upper part, the margin irregularly serrate, partly doubly serrate. Other features of the flowers, as pedicels, bracts, sepals, capsules, comprises within a range of the species variability. This tree, growing in USDA Zone 6b, survived very strong winter 1986/87 with minimum temperature –31.3°C, only slightly damaged.
Strony [Pages]: 197-200
Rośliny lecznicze w Ogrodzie Botanicznym w Łódzi [Medicinal plants in the Botanical Garden in Łódź]
Tadeusz Kurzac
The section of medicinal plants in the Botanical Garden in Łódź was established in 1946. At present it takes up area of 6.7 ha. We cultivate here about 230 species of curative plants which are planted in 28 groups in compliance with pharmacologycal influence of substances which mentioned plants contain. 30 species are classified among protected plants in Poland, for example: Atropa belladonna, Scopolia carniolica, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Veratrum nigrum, Ledum palustre and Arnica montana. Next to representatives of European flora (for example: Mandragora officinarum, Salvia sclarea, Silybum marianum) vegetates here many species which arise from other mainlands of the World. Most interesting of them are: Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhaponticum carthamoides, Heracleum sosnowskyi, Ocimum sanctum and Macleaya cordata.
Strony [Pages]: 201–206
Owady chronione, zagrożone i rzadkie Ogrodu Botanicznego w Łodzi [Protected, threatened and rare insects of the Botanical Garden in Łódź]
Jan Krzysztof Kowalczyk, Tadeusz Kurzac
From 1992 till 2002 selected rare species of insects, mainly hymenopterans, Hymenoptera and dipterans, Diptera were carried on in the Botanical Garden in Łódź. 100 species of special concern, including 16 protected species, 40 of the “Red List” (among them two are also embraced species protection) and 46 rare species in the Łódź Upland were determined. Among the protected insects the following deserve particular attention: Bombus semenoviellus, Trichius fasciatus and Lycaena dispar. Insects of the “Red List” mainly represent species of the lower risk, while only 9 are threatened species, including the critically endangered Polistes gallicus, while vulnerable are Bembix rostrata, Lestica alata, Oxybelus argentatus, Andrena florea, Proanthidium oblongatum, Bombus ruderatus, Dasypogon diadema and Stratiomys singularior. Endangered and rare species inhabit open environments or those whose development or nesting are connected with decayed wood. Continuous monitoring of threatened species, assessment of the impact of botanical work carried on in the Garden and introduction of active conservation of selected insect species are necessary. An example of such conservation in the Garden is storing of cut out wood.
Strony [Pages]: 207–217
