Badania wstępne grzybów pasożytniczych Ogrodu Botanicznego w Łodzi [Preliminary research of parasitic fungi in the Łódź Botanical Garden]
Ewa Kalinowska-Kucharska
Study concerns the parasitic fungi observed in the Łódź Botanical Garden from winter to autumn of the 1996 and 1997. There are 19 species of the order Erysipheles and 6 of the order Uredinales witch were identified. Also the occurrence of Rhitisma acerinum parasiting (Pers. Ex. Fr.) Fr. on Acer platanoides as well as Guignardia aesculi (Peck.) Stew. On Aesculus hippocastanum L. was noted.
Strony [Pages]: 3–7
Zdolność kiełkowania nasion wiązu szypułkowego Ulmus leavis Pall. zebranych z kolekcji Ogrodu Botanicznego UAM w Poznaniu [Germination capacity of seeds of peduncular elm Ulmus leavis Pall. picked from collection of the Adam Mickiewicz University Botanical Garden in Poznań]
Szymon Łukasiewicz
In consideration of the fact of low germination capacity of Ulmus laevis seeds reported in references. storing trial under two different conditions was carried out. They were: storing at temperature of minus 5°C in a freezer and storing under room conditions (without securing against drying out) at temperature of about 20°C. After a period of one year the seeds were planted under glass. The seeds that were frozen in, germinated in 90%. The other lot of seeds germinated at first in 50%. The remaining one germinated successively till the end of August so that finally that percent for second part equalled 80%. That provides a base for picking and storing seeds in room conditions for Index Seminum purpose. A practical advice should however be to send greater lots of seeds by about 50% because of the lower percent of seeds germinating in due time.
Strony [Pages]: 9–10
Fenologiczne pory roku w Poznaniu w latach 1980–1997 [Phenological seasons of the years 1980–1997 in Poznań]
Górska-Zajączkowska, W. Wójtowicz
The investigations, the aim of which is to obtain the data for a characteristic of the phenological seasons of the year, have been carried out in the Botanical Garden of the University of A. Mickiewicz in Poznań since 1958. This work presents the results of the observations conducted during the years 1980–1997. The beginning of the seasons were defined on basis of phenophases of indicator species of plants described by Łastowski (1951) modified by Łukasiewicz (1975). The course of the phenological seasons for given years was analysed against the background of the meteorological data (temperature and rainfall) received from the Station of Hydro-Meteorological Institute in Poznań-Ławica. The results are presented in tables 1 and 2 and in graphical form of diagrams of the course of phenological seasons for each year. In this publication the authors compare the results of the phenological observations in Poznań (Górska 1969, Górska, Łukasiewicz 1983) and in Szczecin (Stachak 1969, 1977) during the years 1958–1973. The comparison is presented in table 3.
Strony [Pages]: 11–20
Dotychczasowe akta prawne dotyczące ochrony ogrodów botanicznych i ogrodów zoologicznych w Polsce [Actual law acts concerning the protection of botanic and zoological gardens in Poland]
Aleksander Łukasiewicz
Strony [Pages]: 21–24
NBRI Botanic Garden: a Centre for Conservation and Education in India [Ogród Botaniczny Narodowego Instytutu Badawczego Botaniki – Centrum Konserwatorskiego i Edukacyjnego w Indiach]
R. K. Roy
Ogród Botaniczny w Lucknow należy do Narodowego Botanicznego Instytutu Naukowego. Położony jest w centrum miasta Lucknow. Ogród jest znany na świecie z unikalnych, oryginalnych projektów dotyczących roślin egzotycznych oraz rodzimych gatunków posadzonych na obszarze 25 ha. Jest to trzeci co do wielkości ogród w Indiach. Bogate kolekcje liczą 7000 taksonów reprezentowanych przez 210 rodzin drzew, krzewów, roślin leczniczych i rzadkich. Oprócz tego znajdują się tam bogate kolekcje bugenwilli, kawy, chryzantem, mieczyków i róż. Rośliny rosną w arboretach znajdujących się na terenie Ogrodu oraz w kompleksie szklarniowym złożonym z części z kaktusami i sukulentami, palmiarni, bonsai z paprociami. W arboretum znajduje się 500 gatunków i odmian roślin. Ogród Botaniczny odgrywa ważną rolę w ochronie gatunków w naturalnych warunkach dla celów genetycznych, a także w ochronie gatunków dzikich i ozdobnych. Oprócz ochrony rzadkich i zagrożonych oraz endemicznych gatunków występujących bardzo licznie we florze Indii. Ogród zajmuje się popularyzacją wiedzy ogrodniczej wśród studentów i uczniów ze szkół. Organizuje również dwa razy do roku wystawy dotyczące uprawy kwiatów przez miłośników i przedstawia nowe gatunki i odmiany.
Strony [Pages]: 25–28
The Donetsk Botanic Garden on threshold of the 21-st century [Doniecki Ogród Botaniczny na przełomie XXI wieku]
Alexander Gluchov
Ogród Botaniczny Narodowej Ukraińskiej Akademii Nauk został założony w 1964 r. Jest on dobrze znanym centrum botaniki przemysłowej – nauki poświęconej badaniom reakcji roślin i ich naturalnych związków w środowisku, zmieniającym się wskutek działalności człowieka. Obejmuje ona całość naukowych i praktycznych problemów związanych z ochroną racjonalnym użytkowaniem i wzbogacaniem świata roślin. Kierunki badawcze Ogrodu to: introdukcja i aklimatyzacja flory światowej w celu wzbogacenia zasobów roślinnych w Donbasie botanika przemysłowa, ochrona różnorodności biologicznej roślin występujących w południowo-wschodniej Ukrainie. Na 263 hektarach powierzchni, rośnie 7,7 tysięcy rzadkich gatunków odmian. form i rodzajów flory światowej. Zielnik Ogrodu mieści 86,7 tysięcy arkuszy a kolekcja nasion ma 38 tysięcy próbek.
Strony [Pages]: 29–30
Rola Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza dla aglomeracji poznańskiej [The role of the Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University for Poznań agglomeration]
Aleksander Łukasiewicz
The Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University from the moment of foundation in 1925, played an important didactical role, especially for the primary and secondary schools and cultural-recreational function for Poznań community. From the moment of taking possession of the Garden by Poznań University in 1949, it started to play also scientific duties, according to its specificity and possibilities. Nowadays its main tasks are: scientific, didactical and social activity. Scientific activity of the Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University contains following specialisation: – Rhythmicity of plant development (subterranean and over ground organs) – Botanical acclimatisation and introduction of plants -Green belts and natural environment protection in urban agglomerations, based on the example of Poznań – Preservation of rare and endangered plants under in situ and ex situ conditions – Ecology and phenology – Problems of botanical gardens. Didactical activity of the Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University contains courses for students of Poznań University and other high schools in Poznań (Academy of Agriculture, Academy of Physical Education and Technical University). Lectures are related to specificity and plant collections of the Botanical Garden, plant development under conditions of pollution, natural management of urban environment and growing plants for didactical purposes. There are also conducted holiday training’s, seminars, master’s thesis and PhD thesis. Moreover the Garden serves traditionally for didactical purposes of primary and secondary schools of the town. Social activity – the Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University serves to the whole Poznań community as the most attractive public park with the wide assortment of plants, gathered in different botanical-horticultural sections and has a high attendance of publicity. Admittance is free and the local Authorities partially covering the cost of maintenance of Botanical Garden. This co-operation gives good results and it can be an good example for the other, especially new botanical gardens in Poland.
Strony [Pages]: 33–36
Łódzki Ogród Botaniczny w życiu miasta i region [The Łódź Botanical Garden in the life of the city and the region]
Dorota Kimaczyńska
Contrary to the common opinion. Łódź, which is a large industrial centre, is not e grey city devoid of greenery. One of the biggest green enclaves is the Botanical Garden situated in the western part of the city, near a large park complex comprising the Piłsudski park, the reserve “Polesie Konstantynowskie” and the zoological garden.
Strony [Pages]: 37–42
Znaczenie Ogrodu Botanicznego PAN dla regionu warszawskiego [The importance of the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences for Warsaw region]
Wiesław Gawryś, Jerzy Puchalski, Wojciech Dmuchowski
Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences. which since 1997 has had the status of the Centre for Biological Diversity Conservation plays a wide range of functions including mainly scientific research, but also popularising, didactic, cultural and leisure roles.
Strony [Pages]: 43–46
Dydaktyczna i społeczna działalność Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu im. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie w Lublinie [The didactic and social activity the Botanical Garden of M. Skłodowska-Curie University in Lublin]
Maria Franszczak-Być, Krystyna Dąbrowska
Work on the Botanical Garden of UMCS in Slawinek, a suburb of Lublin, began in 1965. Since 1974 our garden has been open to the public. Owing to its varied and interesting configuration, the terrain of our garden could easily be adapted to the basic task of a botanical garden, which is to provide a collection of plants for both didactic and scientific purposes. At present we offer academic courses – lectures and classes, we prepare didactic materials, have guided tours for schools and continue to enlarge our collection. Many publications and local TV and radio programmes reflect our efforts to popularise botanical knowledge. In 1989 a new research was launched on the protection of plants endangered in Poland. We have supplied the botanical material for many MA and PhD theses.
Strony [Pages]: 47–51
Rola Śląskiego Ogrodu Botanicznego w restrukturyzacji Górnego Śląska [The role of the Upper Silesian Botanical Garden in the process of restructuring of Upper Silesia region]
Paweł Kojs, Waldemar Szandera
Silesian Botanical Garden can become a serious argument to break a stereotype of “Black Silesia”. Its activity may play an essential role in the process of solving ecological problems and in natural and ecological education. A new botanical garden will be also a place of employment for well qualified personnel as well as for assistant staff of low qualifications.
Strony [Pages]: 53–55
Stan zaawansowania prac nad budową Śląskiego Ogrodu Botanicznego [Current advancement in works on creation of the Silesian Botanical Garden]
Waldemar Szandera, Paweł Kojs
The idea of creation the Silesian Botanical Garden has originated from the environmental evaluation of the area of Mikołów in 1996. In June 1997 the group of scientists from the Silesian University in Katowice that had been involved in works on the evaluation, created the Society for Upper Silesian Botanical Garden. Works of the Society has been strongly supported by the authorities in Mikołów and by the local government of Katowice province.
Strony [Pages]: 57–60
Walory krajobrazowe i przyrodnicze terenu Śląskiego Ogrodu Botanicznego [Landscape and natural values of the area of the Silesian Botanical Garden]
Jan Duda, Waldemar Szendera, Wiesław Włoch, Bogdan Gądek
The area reserved for the Silesian Botanical Garden astounds with its variety of differentiated biocenosis with the habitats of water and land flora and fauna. And so. vessel flora has over 650 species, this including over 100 rare and 30 legally protected taxa. The park in Mokre and Paniowy has been preserved in a fairly good state. In Mokre many unique for Upper Silesia natural landforms can be found. The most important events of the last several million years in landscape evolution had distinctly been recorded in the geological structure.
Strony [Pages]: 61–65
Tradycje ogrodów botanicznych na Górnym Śląsku [Traditions of botanical gardens in Upper Silesia region]
Adam Rostański
The first known gardens in the region of Upper Silesia were the medieval monastery vegetable gardens and healing plants gardens created by monks from the Cistercian Monastery (near Rudy Wielkie close to Racibórz).Later gardens and parks were created round palaces of land owners (near Młoszowa, Toszek, Pilica and Pszczyna).In XVIII and XIX century economic changes – industry development was the cause that new social class arise – capitalists. They become owners of big land properties and to decorate them ordered gardens and parks to be organised (a lot of them still exist: Jastrzebie Zdrój, Świerklaniec, Brynek, Nakło Śląskie, Repty and Kokoszyce). In XIX and XX century when big towns of Upper Silesia expanded – town parks developed. They played different roles (leisure, educational, decoration of the centre of the town and so on). From that time originates such parks as: Gliwice – Town park, Katowice –Kościuszki park, park in Zawiercie, Botanical Garden in Zabrze. In the 30-ties new parks established in towns and suburbs ( Bytom-Łagiewniki, park Zielona w Dąbrowie Górniczej. In Katowice Voivodship we still have 280 parks of historical figures are quite high comparing with the other part of our country (Fabiańczyk 1977). After the second world war a beautiful and important park have been set up in Chorzów. Since the beginning of University of Silesia much effort has been put into the idea of Botanical Garden established by the University of Silesia. But it has not given any results. Finally in 1997 and 1998 due to activity of Upper Silesia Botanical Garden Society it becomes more realistic that a modern Botanical Garden will establish in Mikołów-Mokre.
Strony [Pages]: 67–69
Centralny Ogród Szkolny w Cieszynie [The Central School Garden in Cieszyn]
Jan Burczyk, Ludwik Rosner
First. there is a short introduction which describes the history of the Central School Garden in Cieszyn, starting with its foundation in 1926 to its closure in the 1950. It is followed by the most important data concerning the garden, its location, its variety of different plants. Next, the importance of the garden, its association with the school environment. agriculture and its influence on society is described. Finally. The need of its revival is mentioned.
Strony [Pages]: 71–73
Wychowawcze i dydaktyczne zadania Śląskiego Ogrodu Botanicznego na tle ogólnej sytuacji edukacji przyrodniczej [Educational and didactic tasks of the Silesian Botanical Garden against a background of a general situation of nature education]
Paweł Kojs, Wiesław Włoch, Joanna Szymanowska-Pułka
There is no doubt that a social environment and a natural environment are elements of the strongest efficiency in the process of education. The condition of environment and its protection depend on the level of ecological education of the society. Botanical gardens, from their very nature, are objects adapted to natural and ecological education for relatively big group of people. Upper Silesia is an industrially polluted region inhabited by almost five million people. A big Silesian Botanical Garden may be a chance to change the visage of the region and to develop ecological consciousness of the society.
Strony [Pages]: 75–79
Działalność Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Ekologicznej przy Ogrodzie Botanicznym PAN w Warszawie [The activity of the Education Center for Nature and Ecology in the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw]
Roman Muranyi, Jerzy Puchalski
The new botanical garden in Warsaw, belonging to the Polish Academy of Sciences, started in 1970, firstly as the research unit of the Institute of Plant Genetics and since 1974 as independent research institution. Garden was located in the southern suburban area of Warsaw, near Powsin and Kabacki Forest. In 1990 garden was open for public visitors on the area ca. 24 hectares, where such displays were presented: “Protected and endangered plants in Poland”, “Arboretum”, “Useful horticultural plants”, “Tropical and Subtropical Plants” (in greenhouses). From the beginning the guided tours were offered for visitors and the special attempts were put for the school groups. In 1995 the Education Center for Nature and Ecology was opened in the garden, which serves for school children and university students, mainly in the areas of biological diversity conservation. The Center also organizes courses for school teachers, as well as conferences and workshops devoted to ecological problems. In the Education Center many nature exhibits were also presented, mainly shoving the wide areas of nature conservation.
Strony [Pages]: 81–85
Założenia i projekt ogrodu integracyjnego edukacji ekologicznej na terenie Ogrodu Botanicznego PAN w Warszawie-Powsinie [Assumptions and plan of Integration Garden for Ecological Education in the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw]
Lidia Ozimkowska, Jerzy Wojtatowicz
The integration garden for ecological education was planned especially for the lessons and courses of disabled children of different age – starting from pre-school through elementary and high schools , as well as for other students. The planned area of the garden is 4500 m2 and its location is very advantageous for the various types of lessons which could be also held in the other parts of the botanical garden – for example protected plants or the neighbouring Kabatyi Forest. which is nature reserve. For the simultaneous use the education garden by different groups five various parts as independent subject units were planned. The plants chosen for the education garden can be used for many purposes. For example the common yew (Taxus baccata) could be an example of plant for various topics, as protected plant, poisonous plant, dioecious plat, sciophyte, slowly growing and long-life plant or as a description of shape type of trees and shrubs. Besides the typical lessons of botany the other topics connected with geography, astronomy and wide life sciences were taken into consideration.
Strony [Pages]: 87–93
Rozwój funkcji edukacyjnej i społecznej Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego od początku jego istnienia do chwili obecnej [The development of the educational and social function of the Botanical Garden of Wrocław University since its foundation till the present day]
Magdalena Mularczyk
Broadly conceived education has belonged to the most important functions of the Wrocław Botanic Garden since the middle of the 19th century, when management was taken over by Heinrich Robert Goeppert (1800–1884) – an eminent botanist, doctor and social worker. The Garden – initially intended chiefly for scientific and didactic purposes and opened to the public only once a week – was at that time rendered accessible to visitors on every week-day. Reports on current activity of the institution were appearing in the daily press. The greatest emphasis was laid on providing plants with durable labels, placing inquiry boards in different spots of the Garden to facilitate the interested individual study, and assembling plants according to various criteria, ex. taxonomy and plant geography. Much attention was devoted to usable plants from the whole world. Exhibitions of vegetable products used in medicine and techniques as well as fossils illustrating transmutations of Earth’s flora from the Carboniferous period till the Quaternary, placed mostly in the open air, became peculiar to Wrocław Garden. On the turn of the 19th century there look place a considerable development of taxonomy and plant geography sections, with particular regard to flora of the Silesia and especially the Sudeten. On account of military operations in 1945 the Garden became dilapidated in great measure. The reconstruction of glasshouses and buildings as well as reproducing plant collections began in 1948 and two years later inhabitants of Wrocław and tourists could visit the Garden at weekends and holidays. Since 1950, parallel to scientific activity, excursions. Plant shows, lectures on botanical and horticultural subjects and flower lotteries have been organised. Late in the fifties the sale of surpluses of greenhouse, aquatic and garden plants was commenced. The Garden’s part in spreading the botanical knowledge and raising the level of horticulture was the more important as in the face of lack of a proper faculty at the School of Agriculture it was in principle the only centre of this type in the region. Usable and preserved by law plants were assembled in a didactic section which was founded especially for schoolchildren and students. Moreover. various problems concerning morphology and biology of plants were illustrated by due selecting and setting together plants with distinct features of structure and vital functions. Nowadays there are two foreground tasks: ex situ preservation of threatened species, among others a few representatives of the Silesian flora. and the natural sciences education which forms are incessantly enriched and rendered more attractive. beginning with possibly full marking plants with labels. and ending on various tests and competitions for schoolchildren as well as photographic exhibitions etc. Building so-called green classroom – a pavilion in which one can give biology lessons using vegetable resources of the Garden, natural exhibits and didactic boards. was an innovatory enterprise. The staff imparts information and advice, ex. On cultivation of garden and indoor plants to all the interested. Because of its position near the centre of the city. the Garden performs also a recreational function. The number of its visitors achieves in some years over 200 000 people. For a few years on the premises of the Garden a snack-bar and a little cafe have been running. Recently a playground for little children was build, too.
Strony [Pages]: 95–100
Edukacja przyrodnicza w Ogrodzie Botanicznym Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego [Educational program for nature at the Botanic Garden of Wrocław University]
Jolanta Kochanowska
In the face of increasing threat of the nature and so conditions of our life, it seems to be necessary to develop the consciousness and culture of our society in this domain. The main tasks of Botanic Gardens are, beside scientific research and preservation functions, also acquainting people with flora, showing its beauty and propagation of the idea of preservation of nature.
Strony [Pages]: 101–102
Usługowa i edukacyjna funkcja Wrocławskiego Ogrodu Roślin Leczniczych [Professional service and educational function of the Wrocław Botanical Garden for Medicinal Plants]
Eugeniusz Kuźniewski
The scientific investigation fix one’s attention on the cultivation of new medicinal plants, especially of those originating from distant countries (e.g. from Far East). At the same time there are performed the investigations on the plant raw materials pollution, caused by street traffic. The service function of the Garden depends on supplying plant raw materials to other educational institutions for further researches.
Strony [Pages]: 103–104
Upowszechnianie zielarstwa oraz ochrony przyrody w oparciu o kolekcje Ogrodu Instytutu Roślin i Przetworów Zielarskich w Poznaniu [Dissemination of herb-cultivation and preservation of nature basing on the collection of the Garden of the Research Institute of Medicinal Plants in Poznań]
Waldemar Buchwald, Jan Kozłowski, Danuta Szczyglewska
The Garden of Medicinal Plants of the Research Institute of Medicinal Plants in Poznań has the collection of medicinal plants using in Poland and in the world. This collection is used for dissemination and popularization of knowledge on medicinal plants and their usage in phytotherapy.
Strony [Pages]: 105–108
Formy oddziaływania Kujawsko-Pomorskiego Centrum Edukacji Ekologicznej na społeczeństwo [The forms of influence exerted on the society by the Kujawy-Pomerania Centre of Ecological Education]
Kazimierz Łoś
1. The place of the K-PCEE in the system of centres of ecological education. 2. Main forms of work: – access to information (data base) – organising of courses and training – organising of meetings and pro-ecological conferences – manners (ways) of ecological action (so called “educational paths”) 3. Location of the Centre and utilisation of biological resources of the Botanic and Zoological Garden. 4. Discussion of same actions and directions of ecological training, including teachers’ training. 5. The Centre as an institution integrating nongovernment organisations. 6. Program of work of the K-PCEE for the year 1998. 7. Summary underlining the impact on various social groups exerted by the Centre and cooperation with local scientific environments.
Strony [Pages]: 109–111
Funkcja Działu Systematyki Roślin w nauczaniu botaniki [The function of the taxonomy department in the teaching of botany]
Kunegunda Lorenc
The department of plant taxonomy, consisting of 2 hectares covers the central part of the Botanical Garden of Wrocław. It presents a diverse world of plants according to their natural relationships. In each quarter section, in number of approximately 60, divisions of plants are grouped by the system of Adolph Engler. This outstanding taxonomist and phytogeographer was the director of’ our Garden in the years 1884–1889.
Strony [Pages]: 113–115
Introdukcja pozaeuropejskich gatunków traw na tereny parkowe i zdegradowane [Introduction of non-European grass species for parks and devastated areas]
Włodzimierz Majtkowski, Gabriela Majtkowska
The increase of interest in decorative and ‘special’ grasses (e.g. for reclamation. as biofuel) caused the need of investigation on usability of new species and cultivars imported from other regions of the World. As a result of overproduction and restructuring of Polish agriculture, about 1.8 million ha of arable land have been excluded from cultivation. Integration of Poland with the European Union will probably cause a further increase in the area of fallow land. This problem may be solved by reforestation and cultivation of alternative crops, as a source of renewable energy. The most promissing are perennial C4 grasses. well adapted to the Polish climatic conditions. The collection of grasses in the Botanical Garden of the PBAI in Bydgoszcz is a rich source of initial materials for different breeding and research works.
Strony [Pages]: 117–122
Naukowa i społeczna rola ogrodów botanicznych w kraju i na świecie [The scientific and public function of botanical gardens nationwide and in the world]
Jerzy Puchalski
The contemporary botanical gardens have many various functions. The most important is their scientific activity in the areas of botany, genetics, biotechnology and ecology. Very often botanical gardens serve as gene bank centres for conservation of endangered plants in the natural habitat, as well as for collecting the genetic resources of crop plants.
Strony [Pages]: 123–125
