Email this article The effect of interspecies interactions and water deficit on spring barley and red clover biomass accumulation at successive growth stages
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Olsztyn, Poland, in the period 2010–2012. The aim of the study was to examine whether soil water deficit would change biomass volume and distribution of pure sown spring barley and red clover as well as growth rate during their joint vegetation and mutual interactions. The interactions between spring barley and red clover were of a competitive character, and the cereal was the stronger crop. The strength of this competition increased in time with the growing season. Through most of the growing season, the competition was poorer in water deficit conditions.
The impact of clover on barley before the heading stage showed facilitation symptoms. Interspecific competition reduced the rate of barley biomass accumulation and decreased stem and leaf biomass towards the end of the growing season. Intensified translocation of assimilates from the vegetative parts to grain minimized the decrease in spike biomass.
Water deficit stress had a more inhibitory effect on the biomass and growth rate of barley than competition, and competition did not exacerbate the adverse influence of water deficit stress on barley. Competition from barley significantly reduced the biomass and biomass accumulation rate of clover. Water deficit stress did not exacerbate barley’s competitive effect on clover, but it strongly inhibited the growth of aboveground biomass in pure-sown clover.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Mousavi SR, Eskandari H. A general overview on intercropping and its advantages in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences. 2011;1(11):482–486.
Känkänen H. Undersowing in a northern climate: effects on spring cereal yield and risk of nitrate leaching [PhD thesis]. Jokioinen: MTT Agrifood Research Finland; 2010. (MTT Science; vol 8).
Hansen AL. The organic farming manual: a comprehensive guide to starting and running a certified organic farm. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC; 2010.
Hryncewicz Z. Uprawa roślin rolniczych: podręcznik dla studentów akademii rolniczych. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne; 1992.
Andrzejewska J. Międzyplony w zmianowaniach zbożowych. Postępy Nauk Rolniczych. 1999;1:19–32.
Gaudin ACM, Westra S, Loucks CES, Janovicek K, Martin RC, Deen W. Improving resilience of northern field crop systems using inter-seeded red clover: a review. Agronomy. 2013;3:148–180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3010148
Kuraszkiewicz R. Następczy wpływ wsiewek międzyplonowych na plonowanie jęczmienia jarego na glebie lekkiej. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E, Agricultura. 2004;59:1815–1821.
Lithourgidis AS, Dordas CA, Damalas CA, Vlachostergios DN. Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Aust J Crop Sci. 201;5:396–410.
Thorsted MD, Olesen JE, Koefoed N. Effects of white clover cultivars on biomass and yield in oat/clover intercrops. J Agric Sci. 2002;138:261–267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859602002010
Sobkowicz P, Lejman A. Reakcja jęczmienia jarego oraz wsiewek koniczyny perskiej i seradeli na nawożenie azotem. Fragmenta Agronomica. 2011;28:50–61.
Zhang J, Cheng G, Yu F, Kräuchi N, Li MH. Intensity and importance of competition for a grass (Festuca rubra) and a legume (Trifolium pratense) vary with environmental changes. J Integr Plant Biol. 2008;50:1570–1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00699.x
Wanic M, Kostrzewska MK, Jastrzębska M, Treder K. Influence of competitive interactions between spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) on accumulation of biomass and growth rate of plants depending on water doses. Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. 2013;28:17–30.
Hinsinger P, Betencourt E, Bernard L, Brauman A, Plassard C, Shen J, et al. P for two, sharing a scarce resource: soil phosphorus acquisition in the rhizosphere of intercropped species. Plant Physiol. 2011;156:1078–1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.175331
Keddy PA. Competition in plant communities [Internet]. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2012 [cited 2015 May 19]. Available from: http://www.drpaulkeddy.com/competitionreadings.html
Tilman GD. Resource competition and community structure. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1982. (Monographs in Population Biology; vol 17).
Grime JP. Plant strategies, vegetation processes, and ecosystem properties. Chichester: Wiley; 2001.
Silvertown J, Charlesworth D. Introduction to plant population biology. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 2001.
Fridley JD. The influence of species diversity on ecosystem productivity: how, where, and why? Oikos. 2001;93:514–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.930318.x
Callaway RM. Positive interactions among plants. Bot Rev. 1995;61:306–349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02912621
Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Ambus P, Jensen ES. Interspecific competition, N use interference with weeds in pea-barley intercropping. Field Crops Res. 2001;70:101–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00126-5
Känkänen H, Eriksson C. Effects of undersown crops on soil mineral N and grain yield of spring barley. Eur J Agron. 2007;27:25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010
Mann HH, Barnes TW. The competition between barley and certain weeds under controlled conditions. V. Competition with clover considered as a weed. Ann Appl Biol. 1952;39:111–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1952.tb01003.x
Queen A, Earl H, Deen W. Light and moisture competition effects on biomass of red clover underseeded to winter wheat. Agron J. 2009;101:1511–1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0163
Picard D, Ghiloufi M, Saulas P, de Tourdonnet S. Does undersowing winter wheat with a cover crop increase competition for resources and is it compatible with high yield? Field Crops Res. 2010;115:9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.09.017
Njad AK, Mohammadi S, Khaliliaqdam N, Yousef MP, Nejad NJ. Barley-clover intercropping: advantages and competition indices. Advanced Crop Science. 2013;3:497–505.
Satorre EH, Snaydon RW. A comparison of root and shoot competition between spring cereals and Avena fatua. Weed Res. 1992;32:45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1992.tb01861.x
Starck Z, Chołuj D, Niemyska B. Fizjologiczne reakcje roślin na niekorzystne czynniki środowiska. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo SGGW; 1995.
Ostrowski J, Łabędzki Ł. Przestrzenny rozkład potencjalnych niedoborów wodnych koniczyny i lucerny na tle struktury pokrywy glebowej gruntów ornych w Polsce. Woda –Środowisko – Obszary Wiejskie; 2011;11:161–172.
Gąsiorowski H. Przyrodniczo-rolnicze podstawy uprawy jęczmienia. In: Gąsiorowski H, editor. Jęczmień. Chemia i technologia. Poznań: Wydawnictwa Rolnicze i Leśne; 1997. p. 38–45.
Semere T, Froud-Williams RJ. The effect of pea cultivar and water stress on root and shot competition between vegetative plants of maize and pea. J Appl Ecol. 2001;38:137–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00570.x
Food and Agriculture Organization. World reference base for soil resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization; 2014. (World Soil Resources Reports; vol 106).
Meier U. Growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous plants. BBCH Monograph. Brunswick: Federal Biological Research Centre of Agriculture; 2001.
Watson DJ. The dependence of net assimilation rate on leaf area index. Ann Bot. 1956;18:29–31.
Dordas C. Variation in dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in barley as affected by fertilization, cultivar, and source-sink relations. Eur J Agron. 2012;37:31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2011.10.002
Jastrzębska M. Mieszanki odmianowe pszenicy ozimej i jęczmienia jarego w płodozmianach zbożowych [Habilitation thesis]. Olsztyn: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego; 2009. (Rozprawy i Monografie; vol 151).
Andruszczak S, Kraska P, Kwiecińska-Poppe E, Pałys E. Wpływ wsiewek międzyplonowych oraz stosowania herbicydu Chwastox Extra 300 SL na plon ziarna i elementy plonowania jęczmienia jarego uprawianego w monokulturze. Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin. 2011;259:147–156
Pappa VA, Rees RM, Walker RL, Baddeley JA, Watson CA. Legumes intercropped with spring barley contribute to increased biomass production and carry-over effects. J Agric Sci. 2012;150:584–594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859611000918
Giller KE. Measuring inputs from nitrogen fixation in multiple cropping systems. In: Mulongoy K, Gueye M, Spencer DSC, editors. Biological nitrogen fixation and sustainability of tropical agriculture. Chichester: Wiley; 1992. p. 297–308.
Känkänen H, Eriksson E, Räkköläinen M, Vuorinen M. Soil nitrate N as influenced by annually undersown cover crops in spring cereals. Agricultural and Food Science in Finland. 2003;12:165–176.
Mariotti M, Masoni A, Ercoli L, Arduini I. Above- and below-ground competition between barley, wheat, lupin and vetch in a cereal and legume intercropping system. Grass Forage Sci. 2009;64:401–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00705.x
Geno L, Geno B. Polyculture production – principles, benefits and risks of multiple cropping land management systems for Australia. Kingston: Rural Industries Research and Development; 2001.
Zhang F, Li L. Using competitive and facilitative interactions in intercropping systems enhances crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency. Plant Soil. 2003;248:305–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022352229863
Askegaard M, Eriksen J. Growth of legume and non-legume catch crops and residual-N effects in spring barley on coarse sand. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci. 2007;170:773–780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200625222
Michalska M, Wanic M, Kostrzewska MK. Konkurencja pomiędzy jęczmieniem jarym a grochem siewnym w zróżnicowanych warunkach glebowych. Cz. I. Akumulacja biomasy i tempo wzrostu roślin. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura. 2008;7:69–86.
Treder K, Wanic M, Nowicki J. Competition between spring wheat and spring barley under conditions of diversified fertilisation. Part 2. Influence on biomass of plants and rate of its accumulation. Acta Agrophysica. 2008;11:781–797.
Mollah MSI, Paul NK. Growth attributes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in relation to soil moisture regimes and NPK fertilizers. J Biosci (Rajshari). 2008;16:19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3736
Hossain B, Akhtar M. Growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by irrigation, sowing method and phosphorus level. Academia Journal of Agricultural Research. 2014;2:30–35.
Gebbing T, Schnyder H, Kuhbauch W. The utilization of pre-anthesis reserves in grain filling of wheat. Assessment by steady-state 13CO2 / 12CO2 labelling. Plant Cell Environ. 1999;22:851–858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00436.x
Przulj N, Momčilović V. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and use in spring barley. Plant Soil Environ. 2003;49:36–47.
Tahir ISA, Nakata N. Remobilization of nitrogen and carbohydrate from stems of bread wheat in response to heat stress during grain filling. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 200;191:106–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2004.00127.x
Arduini I, Masoni A, Ercoli L, Mariotti M. Grain yield, and dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate. Eur J Agron. 2006;25:309–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.06.009
Pireivatlou AS, Aliyev RT. Stem reserve and its contribution to grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under drought stress conditions. In: Appels R, Eastwood R, Lagudah E, Langridge P, Mackay M, McIntyre L, et al., editors. Proceedings of the 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium; 2008 Aug 24–29; Sydney, Australia. Sydney: Sydney University Press; 2008. p. 972–974.
Fang Y, Xu B, Turnerd NC, Li FM. Grain yield, dry matter accumulation and remobilization, and root respiration in winter wheat as affected by seeding rate and root pruning. Eur J Agron. 2010;33:257–266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2010.07.001
Ćwintal M, Wilczek M. Jakość di- i tetraploidalnej koniczyny czerwonej w zależności od przedsiewnej laserowej stymulacji nasion. Acta Agrophysica. 2007;10:31–46.
Ofori F, Stern WR. Cereal-legume intercropping systems. Advances in Agronomy. 1987;41:41–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60802-0
Sobkowicz P. Konkurencja międzygatunkowa w jarych mieszankach zbożowych. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej; 2003. (Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu. Rozprawy; vol 194).
Molla A, Sharaiha RK. Competition and resource utilization in mixed cropping of barley and durum wheat under different moisture stress levels. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2010;6:713–719.
Księżak J. Effect of root excretions from spring cereal seedlings on seed germination of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura. 2010;9(2):7–14.
Tan M, Serün Y, Erkovan HÜ. Effects of barley as a companion crop on the hay yield and plant density of red clover and the botanical composition of hay. Turk J Agric For. 2004;28:35–41.
Lamb EG, Shore BH, Cahill JF. Water and nitrogen addition differentially impact plant competition in a native rough fescue grassland. Plant Ecol. 2007;192:21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-006-9222-4
Bulson HAJ, Snaydon RW, Stopes CE. Effects of plant density on intercropped wheat and field beans in an organic farming system. J Agric Sci. 1997;128:59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859696003759
Lang J, Vejražka K. Yields and quality of forage legumes under imbalanced year precipitation conditions on south Moravia. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 2012;60:217–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260060217
Lucero DW, Grieu P, Guckert A. Water deficit and plant competition effects on growth and water-use efficiency of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plant Soil. 2000;227:1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026560128042
Lucero DW, Grieu P, Guckert A. Effects of water deficit and plant interaction on morphological growth parameters and yield of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) mixtures. Eur J Agron. 1999;11:167–177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(99)00028-3
Cousens RD, Barnett AG, Barry GC. Dynamics of competition between wheat and oat. I. Effects of changing the timing of phenological events. Agron J. 2003;95:1295–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2003.1295
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1692
|
|
|
