Long-term growth performance and productivity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations

Anna Maria Hebda, Witold Wachowiak, Jerzy Skrzyszewski

Abstract


The phenotypic differentiation of 16 provenances of Scots pine originating from a wide variety of habitats that range from lowland to southern highland locations in Poland was assessed during 47 years of their growth and development in the Carpathian Mountains. The traits, including height, diameter at breast height, stem straightness, and crown width, were used to evaluate the differentiation of the provenances in their juvenile period and at maturity and were examined for patterns of local adaptation. The populations from northern Poland were characterized by the best growth and productivity, whereas provenances from central Poland had the best stem quality. There were some changes in growth between provenances observed during the experiment, but the stand volume (m3/ha) in juvenile trees was closely correlated with that in mature trees (r = 0.979). There was a positive relationship between the productivity and the environmental conditions of the geographical origin of provenances with increasing values for the trees’ productivity from south to north. Additionally, the elevation above sea level of the original populations was inversely correlated with the growth achieved by the progeny. In general, most populations from the species distribution range in Poland tested in the severe climate conditions of the Carpathian Mountains showed good growth performance under that environment, characterized by low temperatures and short growing periods. Provenances from climatic zones outside mountain regions demonstrated great growth and productivity, which proved to be the most important for competitively outperforming the local populations. Our study demonstrates good adaptive potential of the tested provenances, as selection will favor fast-growing genotypes under the predicted environmental change scenario.

Keywords


quantitative traits; quality traits; local adaptation; forest trees

Full Text:

PDF

References


Li H, Jiang J, Liu G, Ma X, Dong J, Lin S. Genetic variation and division of Pinus sylvestris provenances by ISSR markers. J For Res. 2005;16(3):216–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02856818

Naydenov K, Tremblay F, Alexandrov A, Fenton N. Structure of Pinus sylvestris L. populations in Bulgaria revealed by chloroplast microsatellites and terpenes analysis: provenance tests. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2005;33(12):1226–1245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.07.011

Giertych M. Zmienność proweniencyjna. In: Białobok S, Boratyński A, Bugała W, editors. Biologia sosny zwyczajnej. Poznań: Sorus; 1993. p. 325–339.

Sabor J. Zmienność wewnątrzgatunkowa drzew leśnych. Sosna zwyczajna i świerk pospolity. In: Sabor J, editor. Elementy genetyki i hodowli selekcyjnej drzew leśnych. Warszawa: CILP; 2006. p. 127–142.

Staszkiewicz J. Zmienność morfologiczna szpilek, szyszek i nasion. In: Białobok S, Boratyński A, Bugała W, editors. Biologia sosny zwyczajnej. Poznań: Sorus; 1993. p. 33–42.

Eriksson G. Pinus sylvestris recent genetic research. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2008.

Oleksyn J, Tjoelker M, Reich P. Growth and biomass partitioning of populations of European Pinus sylvestris L. under simulated 50° and 60° N daylengths: evidence for photoperiodic ecotypes. New Phytol. 1992;120(4):561–574. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb01806.x

Matras J. Zmienność klinalna cech ilościowych i jakościowych europejskich pochodzeń sosny pospolitej w doświadczeniu IUFRO 1982. In: Sabor J, editor. Elementy genetyki i hodowli selekcyjnej drzew leśnych. Warszawa: CILP; 2006. p. 143–154.

Write J, Bull W. Geographic variation in Scots pine. Silvae Genet. 1963;12(12):1–40.

Gunia S, Ilmurzyński E. Wybrane zagadnienia hodowli selekcyjnej drzew leśnych. Warszawa: SGGW AR; 1978.

Giertych M. Summer of results on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) height growth in IUFRO provenance experiments. Silvae Genet. 1979;28:136–152.

Barzdajn W. Porównanie odziedziczalności proweniencyjnej, rodowej i indywidualnej cech wzrostowych dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.) w doświadczeniu rodowo-proweniencyjnym w Nadleśnictwie Milicz. Sylwan. 2008;5:52–59.

Oleksyn J, Rachwał L. Wzrost europejskich populacji sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) w doświadczeniu proweniencyjnym SP-IUFRO-1982 w Puszczy Niepołomickiej. Sylwan. 1994;138(9):57–69.

Hurme P, Repo T, Savolainen O, Pääkkönen T. Climatic adaptation of bud set and frost hardiness in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Can J For Res. 1997;27(5):716–723. https://doi.org/10.1139/x97-052

González-Martínez S, Ersoz E, Brown G, Wheeler N, Neale D. DNA sequence variation and selection of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms at candidate genes for drought-stress response in Pinus taeda L. Genetics. 2006;172(3):1915–1926. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.047126

Stephan B, Liesebach M. Results of the IUFRO 1982 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenance experiment in southwestern Germany. Silvae Genet. 1996;45(5):342–349.

Boratyński A. Systematyka i geograficzne rozmieszczenie. In: Białobok S, Boratyński A, Bugała W, editors. Biologia sosny zwyczajnej. Poznań: Sorus; 1993. p. 45–60.

Shutyaev A, Giertych M. Genetic subdivisions of the range of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) based on a transcontinental provenance experiment. Silvae Genet. 2000;49(3):137–151.

Wright I, Reich P, Westoby M, Ackerly D, Baruch Z, Bongers F, et al. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature. 2004;428(6985):821–827. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02403

Davis M, Shaw R, Etterson J. Evolutionary responses to changing climate. Ecology. 2005;86(7):1704–1714. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0788

Jump AS, Penuelas J. Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of plants to rapid climate change. Ecol Lett. 2005;8(9):1010–1020. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00796.x

Rehfeldt GE, Tchebakova NM, Parfenova YI, Wykoff WR, Kuzmina NA, Milyutin LI. Intraspecific responses to climate in Pinus sylvestris. Glob Chang Biol. 2002;8(9):912–929. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00516.x

Wilczyński SB, Kulej M. The influence of climate on the radial increment of larches of different provenances on the basis of the experiment in the Carpathian Mountains in southern Poland. Eur J For Res. 2013;132(5–6):919–929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-013-0731-0

Helama S, Mielikäinen K, Timonen M, Herva H, Tuomenvirta H, Venäläinen A. Regional climatic signals in Scots pine growth with insights into snow and soil associations. Dendrobiology. 2013;70:27–34. https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.070.003

Falconer D, Mackay T. Introduction to quantitative genetics. 4th ed. Essex: Longman; 1996.

White T, Adams W, Neale D. Forest genetics. Wallingford: CABI; 2007. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845932855.0000

Giertych M, Oleksyn J. Studies on genetic variation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) coordinated by IUFRO. Silvae Genet. 1992;41(3):133–143.

Lindgren D, Persson A. Vitalization of results from provenance tests. In: Matyas C, editor. Perspectives of forest genetics and tree breeding in a changing world. Vienna: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations and University of Sopron, Faculty of Forestry; 1997. p. 73–85. (IUFRO World Series; vol 6).

Chodzicki E. Badania proweniencyjne nad wzrostem Pinus sylvestris L. z terenów PRL w reglu dolnym Karpat w latach 1966–1972. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie. Leśnictwo. 1975;11:23–36.

Pretzsch H, Biber P, Schütze G, Uhl E, Rötzer T. Forest stand growth dynamics in Central Europe have accelerated since 1870. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4967. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5967

Hess M. Piętra klimatyczne w Polskich Karpatach Zachodnich. Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagieloński; 1965. (Zeszyty Naukowe UJ, Prace Geograficzne; vol 115).

Sabor J. Zmienność sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) i hodowlana wartość jej polskich proweniencji w warunkach siedliskowych beskidu sądeckiego. Kraków: Drukrol; 1993.

Serwis klimatyczny [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2016 Oct 17]. Available from: http://klimat.icm.edu.pl/serv_climate.php

Bruchwald A. New empirical formula of determination of volume of Scots pine stands. Folia For Pol Ser A For. 1996;38:5–10.

Barzdajn W. Zmienność cech taksacyjnych sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) polskich pochodzeń w doświadczeniu proweniencyjnym z 1985 roku w Nadleśnictwie Zielonka. Sylwan. 2006;150(1):8–19.

StatSoft. STATISTICA (data analysis software system). Version 10.0; 2011.

Barzdajn W. Doświadczenie proweniencyjne nad zmiennością sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylwestris L.) serii IUFRO 1982 w Nadleśnictwie Supraśl. Sylwan. 2000;6:41–52.

Barzdajn W. Wyniki 24-letniego doświadczenia proweniencyjnego z sosną w Nadleśnictwie Supraśl. Sylwan. 2008;4:21–229.

Barzdajn W, Kowalkowski W, Chmura DJ. Variation in growth and survival among European provenances of Pinus sylvestris in a 30-year-old experiment. Dendrobiology. 2016;75:67–77. https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.075.007

Ceitel J, Szmyt J. Changes in the density and spatial structure of trees in pine stands planted at different initial spacing. In: Brzeg A, Wojterska M, editors. Coniferous forest vegetation – differentiation, dynamics and transformations. Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu; 2004. p. 275–283. (Seria Biologiczna; vol 69).

Aitken SN, Yeaman S, Holliday JA, Wang T, Curtis-McLane S. Adaptation, migration or extirpation: climate change outcomes for tree populations. Evol Appl. 2008;1(1):95–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2007.00013.x

Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Tjoelker MG. Seed mass effects on germination and growth of diverse European Scots pine populations. Can J For Res. 1994;24(2):306–320. https://doi.org/10.1139/x94-044

Oleksyn J, Zytkowiak R, Karolewski P, Reich PB, Tjoelker MG. Genetic and environmental control of seasonal carbohydrate dynamics in trees of diverse Pinus sylvestris populations. Tree Physiol. 2000;20(12):837–847. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/20.12.837

Oleksyn J, Reich P, Tjoelker M, Chalupka W. Biogeographic differences in shoot elongation pattern among European Scots pine populations. For Ecol Manage. 2001;148(1–3):207–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00537-5

Szeligowski H, Buraczyk W, Drozdowski S, Gawron L. Zmienność sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) w doświadczeniu serii IUFRO 1982 w Nadleśnictwie Rogów. Sylwan. 2016;160(3):230–237.

Howe GT, Aitken SN, Neale DB, Jermstad KD, Wheeler NC, Chen TH. From genotype to phenotype: unraveling the complexities of cold adaptation in forest trees. Can J Bot. 2003;81(12):1247–1266. https://doi.org/10.1139/b03-141

Savolainen O, Pyhäjärvi T, Knürr T. Gene flow and local adaptation in trees. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 2007;38(1):595–619. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095646

Rehfeldt G, Ying C, Spittlehouse D, Hamilton D. Genetic responses to climate in Pinus contorta: niche breadth, climate change, and reforestation. Ecol Monogr. 1999;69(3):375–407. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0375:GRTCIP]2.0.CO;2

Matyas C. Climatic adaptation of trees: rediscovering provenance tests. Euphytica. 1996;92(1–2):45–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00022827

Skrzyszewski J. Charakterystyka morfologiczno-przyrostowa sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) w polskiej części Karpat i Sudetów. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie; 2004.

Oleksyn J, Prus-Glowacki W, Giertych M, Reich PB. Relation between genetic diversity and pollution impact in a 1912 experiment with East European Pinus sylvestris provenances. Can J For Res. 1994;24(12):2390–2394. https://doi.org/10.1139/x94-308




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3521

Journal ISSN:
  • 2083-9480 (online)
  • 0001-6977 (print; ceased since 2016)
This is an Open Access journal, which distributes its content under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, provided that the content is properly cited.
The journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and aims to follow the COPE’s principles.
The journal publisher is a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.
The journal content is indexed in Similarity Check, the Crossref initiative to prevent scholarly and professional plagiarism.
Publisher
Polish Botanical Society