Fungi isolated from phyllosphere of fodder galega (Galega orientalis)

Abstract

The object of the experiment was fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) cultivated in 2001-2003 as field crop on three plots: 1. without fertilization, 2. 40 kg P₂O₅ × ha^-1 and 80 kg K₂O × ha^-1, 3. 80 kg P₂O₅ × ha^-1 and 160 kg K₂O × ha^-1. During the dry and warm vegetation season of 2002 almost two times fewer isolates were obtained from the leaves than in 2003 that was the most abundant in fungi. Yeasts-like fungi (30% of the total number of isolates) and saprotrophic fungi with dominated species: Acremonium strictum (8.5%), genus Epicoccum (7.8%), Humicola (9.5%) and Penicillium (18.9%) were the fungi most frequently populating the leaves of galega. The share of pathogens in the total number of isolates obtained from the phyllosphere was 10.6%. They were represented by fungi of Ascochyta spp., Botrytis cinerea, genus Fusarium, Phoma medicaginis and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Reduction by 1.9 to 4.6% in the number of fungi isolated from the phyllosphere of galega without fertilization as compared to galega cultivated in combinations with fertilization was recorded. Generally, the smallest number of pathogens was recovered from galega fertilized with 40 kg P₂O₅ × ha^-1 and 80 kg K₂O × ha^-1. B. cinerea most frequently populated galega in combination without fertilization, genus Fusarium fungi in combination without fertilization and with fertilization with 80 kg P₂O₅ × ha^-1 and 160 kg K₂O × ha^-1, while Ascochyta spp. were isolated from galega with fertilization only.