New records of lichens from the Polish uplands

Five lichen species: Bacidia pycnidiata, Fellhanera gyrophorica, Leucocarpia biatorella, Parmotrema perlatum and Punctelia ulophylla, are presented. Bacidia pycnidiata, Leucocarpia biatorella, Punctelia ulophylla are new to Central Poland. Bacidia pycnidiata is reported from Poland for the third time.


IntroduCtIon
Studies on lichens in the Świętokrzyskie Mts.(kielce and the Chęcińsko-kielecki Landscape Park) and adjoining sites (the oleszno nature reserve in the Przedborski Landscape Park) (Fig. 1) have been conducted in recent years.A few interesting species of lichens that are very rare in Poland were found.those are: Bacidia pycnidiata, Fellhanera gyrophorica, Leucocarpia biatorella, Parmotrema perlatum and Punctelia ulophylla.two of them, Bacidia pycnidiata and Fellhanera gyrophorica, have lately been described to science.Intensive lichenological research carried out in different regions of Poland, including the Świętokrzyskie Mts., provides new data on the occurrence of these lichens as each new and verified site is very important for the knowledge on habitat preferences and the material distribution of the species in Poland.the main goal of this work is to provide the most up-to-date information on the above species.

Fellhanera gyrophorica
For the description of the species see Sérusiaux et al. (2001) and Sparrius (2002).F. gyrophorica is usually sterile and produces only large brown pycnidia reacting C+ red.Apothecia were found only once in the material collected from the Puszcza białowieska forest (Sparrius 2002).the specimens from the Przedborski Landscape Park have pycnidia only.F. gyrophorica grows on tree bark or invades corticolous mosses and liverworts in old-growth forests.
For the description of the species see Purvis et al. (1992).L. biatorella grows on soil and calcareous stones associated with mosses.It is similar to Chromatochlamys muscorum which has larger ascospores 2-4 per ascus, and Polyblastia gelatinosa which has black perithecia and grows on bryophytes.the specimen from the Chęcińsko-kielecki Landscape Park has a pale granular-verrucose thallus and immersed perithecia with a flat yellow-pinkish ostiolar region.Ascospores are eight per ascus, hyaline and muriform, 28-36 × 11-15 µm.
L. biatorella has so far been reported from Southern Poland -the Western Carpathians Mts.(olech 1999  For the description of the species see Purvis et al. (1992).P. perlatum grows on well-lit, neutral to somewhat acid-barked, broad-leaved trees and also frequently on siliceous rocks and walls.the species is sensitive to the mean So 2 level in the atmosphere.
the species grows only in the best parts of old-growth forests according to Motyka (1960).the specimen collected in the Przedborski Landscape Park has a very well developed thallus with marginal soralia and cilia.It was observed in small groups only on one tree in a sunny place.
For the description of the species see van herk and Aptroot (2000).P. ulophylla is known only to be corticolous.It grows on a wide variety of trees.
P. ulophylla can be mistaken for P. subrudecta.extreme margins of the thallus of P. ulophylla are dull brownish and pruinose.Secondary lobes have dense marginal soredia.extreme margins of the thallus of P. subrudecta are dark brown, glossy and not pruinose, marginal soredia are absent and only soredia laminal are present (van herk, Aptroot 2000).thalli of Punctelia ulophylla from the Przedborski Landscape Park were recorded abundantly on thick branches.
note.Species new to Central Poland.ConCLuSIonS 1. of the lichens collected, Fellhanera gyrophorica is especially noteworthy.It is connected with old-growth forests and its richest occurrence was observed in big forest complexes such as the Puszcza białowieska forest, the Puszcza borecka forest, the Puszcza knyszyńska forest, the Puszcza Pilicka forest or the Puszcza kozienicka forest.the occurrence of F. gyrophorica in the oleszno nature reserve and in its vicinity could result from good habitat conditions, especially a high level of air humidity.A natural mixed family tree-stand, permanently waterlogged in some places, with a considerable participation of Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior, is protected within the oleszno nature reserve.Less accessible areas are unaffected by human activity and are also a refuge to other interesting lichen species, such as Parmotrema perlatum.
2. It is very interesting that Leucocarpia biatorella, which grows mostly in the high part of mountains, has been recorded from the Świętokrzyskie Mts. the occurrence of the species here may be connected with the presence of metals in the substrate, such as zinc, lead, iron and limestone, or its tolerance to heavy metals in the substrate is high (cf. kiszka, kościelniak 2006).Limestone, marble from Chęciny and sparite were extracted in the Pasmo Zalejowskie range in the past and copper, lead and silver ores were found in the neighbouring Pasmo Chęcińskie range where the species was observed.the location of L. biatorella may be situated at the site of previous vein extraction.this is supported by the presence of many wells of different depth in the ground around which numerous rock blocks covered with Bryophytes occur.beechwood that grows at the site makes it shaded and quite dump.It is another anthropogenic site of L. biatorella in Poland apart from the Wyżyna Śląska upland.Lichenological research conducted in other parts of the Świętokrzyskie Mts.where limestone occurs did not reveal the presence of this species.Further research is required to complete ecological requirements of the species and to describe the species accurately.Vězda A., Liška J. 1999. katalog SpecimenS examined.Ee 60 − PrzLP, near the oleszno nature reserve, forest section no 73, on a trunk of Fraxinus excelsior, 11 Mar.2008 (ktC 8018), the oleszno nature reserve, forest section no 54, on a trunk of Quercus sp., 25 May 2008 (ktC 8025).