Threatened and protected macromycetes in the Wkrzańska Forest

Eighty six interesting species of macromycetes, including fungi red-listed in Poland (84 species) and fungi protected in Poland (11 species), observed in the Wkrzanska Forest are described. A total of 460 species of macromycetes were recorded during mycosociological studies conducted in the period between 2003 and 2005.


INTRODUCTION
The Wkrzańska Forest is a vast complex of ca. 1 550 km 2 divided between Poland and Germany (Fig. 1).The Polish part, covering 340 km 2 (Z a r ę b a 1986), comprises the Wkrzańska Plain and the northern part of the Szczecińskie Hills (K o n d r a c k i 1998).Leucobryo-Pinetum and Querco roboris-Pinetum phytocoenoses of various age dominate in the central and northern plain parts of the Wkrzańska Forest.Broadleaved and mixed tree-stands of the Luzulo pilosae-Fagetum and Fago-Quercetum petraeae associations occur in its western and southern parts on moraine hills.Small sections, scattered over the study area, are overgrown with the following associations: Ribeso nigri-Alnetum, Betulo pendulae-Quercetum roboris, Fraxino-Alnetum, Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis.The forests are administered by the Trzebież Forest District.
Macromycetes in the Wkrzańska Forest had not been examined before.Only 5 species of macromycetes common in Poland collected during studies on poplar mycotrophy have been reported from the area (D o m i n i k , I h n a t o w i c z 1979): Laccaria laccata, Laetiporus sulphureus, Polyporus squamosus, Trametes versicolor and Vascellum pratense.On the other hand, the mycobiota of the adjacent regions has been investigated in relative depth: the Goleniowska Forest to the east of the study area (Fr i e d r i c h 1984(Fr i e d r i c h , 1985a(Fr i e d r i c h , 1985b(Fr i e d r i c h , 1997) )   -observation plots (sites), 2 -numbers of the grid ATPOL squares, 3 -forests boundary, -state boundary.
the distribution of threatened and protected macromycetes are presented below.
The participation and the role of macromycetes in the forest communities of the Wkrzańska Forest will be discussed separately.Analysis results will be used to compile a regional list of threatened fungi in Pomerania.

METHODS
Systematic mycosociological research was conducted at 21 permanent observations plots, 400 m 2 each, set up in forest communities.Community sociology was determined by the present author.Supplementary studies, that is individual mycological and phytosociological observations at additional 64 plots, also 400 m 2 each, were carried out throughout the periods of increased fungal fruiting.The sites were situated in the ATPOL grid squares (Tab.1).Fruiting abundance was evaluated in the M o s e r ' s scale (1949).The growth manner of the fruit-bodies on the substrate was also identified.Mycological observations were additionally performed outside the forest areas (roadsides, forest tracts, glades, etc.) using the itinerary method, fungal species were recorded, and occurrence conditions were noted.Studies were continued over 3-4 years in permanent plots which were examined 5 times per year on average.
Fungal taxa of red-listed threatened species (Wo j e w o d a , Ł a w r y n o w i c z 1992) and protected species (Dz.U. 2004.168.1765) were included in the study.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The occurrence of 460 fungal species belonging to all ecological groups were recorded during studies conducted at 85 sites between 2002 and 2005.A high percentage of mycorrhizal fungi which constitute 38% of the recorded macromycetes should be stressed.The participation of other groups is as follows: lignicolous fungi -over 30%, litter-inhabiting and bryophilous fungi -over 23%, humicolous saprobes -over 6%, plant and fungal parasites -less than 3%.Many of these taxa are threatened or rare not only in Poland.
The occurrence of 86 interesting species collected between 2002 and 2005 is described below.A total of 84 red-listed species threatened in Poland and 11 species protected in Poland were recorded in the mycobiota of the Wkrzańska Forest.One species is classified as extinct (Ex), 4 species are classified as endangered (E), 16 species are classified as vulnerable (V), 31 species are classified as rare (R), and 32 species are classified as indeterminate (I).Some threatened species are protected, and only 2 protected species (Langermannia gigantea, Meripilus giganteus) are not red-listed.
The nomenclature and systematics of the orders follow K i r k et al.  (1992,1997,2000), K r e i s e l (1987), K r i e g l s t e i n e r G .J .(1991), K r i e g l s t e i n e r L .(1999).Species within orders are reported alphabetically.
Threat category and protection category as well as the substrate type are given for each species, and the plant community in which the species occurs is specified.The following data are also provided: quantity range of the occurrence of fruit-bod-

CONCLUSIONS
As many as 50 species of the threatened and protected taxa are very rare and occur only at 1 locality in the Wkrzańska Forest.Twenty-six species were recorded at 2-3 localities, 6 species -at 4-5 localities, and 3 species -at 6-7 localities (Sparassis crispa, Oudemansiella mucida, Meripilus giganteus).Among the taxa studied, Calocera furcata, recorded at 12 localities, is the most common one in the Wkrzańska Forest.
It should be noticed that many species of macromycetes rare in Poland, occurring at a few localities, are frequent or even common in Germany, especially in its southern part (Wo j e w o d a 2003; K r e i s e l 1987; K r i e g l s t e i n e r G .J .1991).Phallus duplicatus, whose locality in the Wkrzańska Forest is the second site in Poland, is the best example.The taxon occurs at ca. 50 localities in Germany, including the Lands adjacent to the study area (Meklenburg -Western Pomerania, Brandenburg).Other species in this group include: Boletus suspectus, Entoloma papillatum, Inocybe acuta, Ischnoderma resinosum, Marasmiellus foetidus, Russula coerulea and Sparassis brevipes.
As Russula coerulea is recorded at the fourth locality in Poland, the species should be reclassified from extinct (Ex) to endangered (E), as suggested by Wojewoda (2003).
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ies in the M o s e r ' s scale(1949), record date and a list of localities recorded between 2002 and 2005 preceded by their number in parentheses.The quantity is not given for species producing permanent fruit-bodies.The Latin plant nomenclature follows M i r e k et al.(2002)and that of communities follows M a t u s z k i e w i c z (2001).