Some genetic parameters of the spring wheat caryopsis characters

Abstract

Nineteen characters of the single caryopsis of many pure lines and their F₂ generation hybrids of spring wheat were analyzed. A large differentiation of forms was ascertained. "Manitoba" cultivar, sphaerococcum and spelta forms, hybrids of durum forms, hybrids of spelta and sphaerococcum forms were foud to have the higest values of the DBC parameter. The characters were found to show a differentiated relative varirtion from a few to more than 100%. A great variation of F₂ generation as well as transgressions of characters appeard more marked in hybrids between various subspecies than between varietes of one subspecies. A specific gravity of the caryopsis is marked by a high value of coefficients of heritability in broad sense. An influence of asymetry of distribution on the h² value was stated. The distributions of characters with a deviation from normal curve are only leptokurtic. The heigh of endosperm cavity revealed the largest number of deviations characterized by asymmetry and kurtosis. These deviations appeared smaller in the distributions of homozygous forms than of herterozygous forms. The interspecies hybrids are marked by numerous genetic correlations in matrix of correlation coefficients than hybrids of less differentiated forms. Many reciprocal hybrids revelated a differentiation in the mean values of characters as well as in the range of transgession. These hybrids are similar to their maternal forms. A short consideration of an ideotype of wheat caryopsis was made.