Biodiversity of weed communities in common wheat and spelt following various forecrops

Maria Wanic, Mariola Parzonka, Dariusz Załuski

Abstract


Environmentally-friendly solutions are increasingly often applied in crop cultivation technologies. These include, among others, the return of old crops (e.g., spelt wheat) and crop rotation. Ensuring a proper forecrop is essential, especially in the cultivation of winter wheat, which is susceptible to infestation by weeds. However, there is only sparse information on infestation by weeds in the cultivation of winter spelt. In this study, it was assumed that this crop is invaded by weeds to a lesser extent than wheat, especially after unfavorable forecrops. The study was based on a field experiment conducted in the east part of Poland. The aim was to compare the weed infestation of common wheat and spelt wheat grown after peas, oilseed rape, and after itself. Analyses of weed infestation were conducted in 2014–2016. The weed species composition and population size were determined as well as their dry weight. The following indices were calculated: index of species richness, Simpson’s domination index, Shannon–Wiener index of species diversity, and Pielou’s index of evenness. The weed infestation of spelt wheat was higher than that of common wheat during the tillering stage. It was similar in both species during the heading stage. The lowest weed infestation in both cereals was observed on a field where peas had grown. Growing after oilseed rape and after themselves contributed to an increase in weed infestation. Biomass of weeds in a field of spelt was similar after all forecrops, unlike that in wheat, where more biomass was observed after oilseed rape and wheat. A greater share of Apera spica-venti and Viola arvensis was observed in common wheat and spelt grown after oilseed rape and after themselves. Weed communities in spelt were more diverse than in wheat. The forecrops did not differentiate the species diversity in either crop.

Keywords


number and dry matter of weeds; species composition of weeds; growth stages; diversity indices

Full Text:

PDF

References


Blackshaw RE, Larney FJ, Lindwall CW, Watson PR, Derksen DA. Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system. Can J Plant Sci. 2001;81(4):805–813. https://doi.org/10.4141/P01-023

Anderson RL. A cultural system approach can eliminate herbicide need in semiarid proso millet (Panicum miliaceum). Weed Technol. 2000;14(3):602–607. https://doi.org/10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0602:ACSACE]2.0.CO;2

Derksen DA, Anderson RL, Blackshaw RE, Maxwell B. Weed dynamics and management strategies for cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains. Agron J. 2002;94(2):174–185. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.1740

Sieling K, Stahl C, Winkelmann C, Christen O. Growth and yield of winter wheat in the first 3 years of a monoculture under varying N fertilization in NW Germany. Eur J Agron. 2005;22:71–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2003.12.004

D’Acunto L, Andrade J, Poggio S, Semmartin M. Diversifying crop rotation increased metabolic soil diversity and activity of the microbial community. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2018;257:159–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.02.011

Seibutis V, Deveikyte I. The influence of short rotations on weed community. Agronomy Research. 2006;4(special issue):353–357.

Escarnot E, Agneessens R, Wathelet B, Paquot M. Quantitative and qualitative study of spelt and wheat fibres in varying milling fractions. Food Chem. 2010;122(3):857–863. https://doi.org./10.16/j.foodchem.2010.02.047

Frakolaki G, Giannou V, Topakas E, Tzia C. Chemical characterization and breadmaking potential of spelt versus. J Cereal Sci. 2018;79:50–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2017.08.023

Rachoń L, Szumiło G, Brodowska M, Woźniak A. Nutritional value and mineral composition of grain of selected wheat species depending on the intensity of a production technology. J Elem. 2015;20(3):705–715. https://doi.org/10.5601/jelem.2014.19.4.640

Simpson EH. Measurement of diversity. Nature. 1949;163:688. https://doi.org/10.1038/163688a0

Shannon CE, Wiener W. The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press; 1949.

Pielou EC. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. J Theor Biol. 1966;13:131–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(66)90013-0

Demjanová E. Effects of crop rotation and tillage systems on weed populations, density and diversity in maize (Zea mays L.). Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica. 2004;7:61–63.

Doucet C, Weaver SE, Hamill AS, Zhang J. Separating the effects of crop rotation from weed management on weed density and diversity. Weed Sci. 1999;47(6):729–735.

Swanton CJ, Mahoney KJ, Chandler K, Gulden RH. Integrated weed management: knowledge-based weed management systems. Weed Sci. 2008;56(1):168–172. https://doi.org/10.10.1614/WS-07-126.1

Feledyn-Szewczyk B. The evaluation of modern and old winter wheat varieties in the aspect of their competitiveness due to weed in organic system. Polish Journal of Agronomy. 2011;6:11–16.

Danga BO, Ouma JP, Wakindiki IIC, Bar-Tal A. Chapter 5. Legume–wheat rotation effects on residua soil moisture, nitrogen and wheat yield in tropical regions. In: Sparks DL, editor. Advances in agronomy. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2009. p. 315–349. (Advances in Agronomy; vol 101). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)00805-5

Koocheki A, Nassiri M, Alimoradi L, Ghorbani R. Effect of cropping systems and crop rotations on weeds. Agron Sustain Dev. 2009;29(2):401–408. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro/2008061

Kwiatkowski C. Struktura zachwaszczenia i produktywności biomasy pszenicy ozimej oraz chwastów w zależności od systemu następstwa roślin i sposobu pielęgnacji. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio E, Agricultura. 2009;64(3):69–78.

Małecka-Jankowiak I, Blecharczyk A, Sawinska, Z, Piechota T, Waniorek B. Wpływ następstwa roślin i systemu uprawy roli na zachwaszczenie pszenicy ozimej. Fragmenta Agronomica. 2015;32(3):54–63.

Kaczmarska M, Gawrońska-Kulesza A. Wpływ zmianowania na plonowanie pszenicy ozimej. Postępy Nauk Rolniczych. 2000;4:51–63.

Santín-Montanyá MI, Martín-Lammerding D, Walter I, Zambrana E, Tenorio JL. Effects of tillage, crop systems and fertilization on weed abundance and diversity in 4-year dry land winter wheat. Eur J Agron. 2013;48:43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.006

Liebman M, Dyck E. Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed management. Ecol Appl. 1993;3(1):92–122. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941795

Buhler DD, Kohler KA, Thompson RL. Weed seed bank dynamics during a five-year crop rotation. Weed Technol. 2001;15(1):170–176. https://doi.org/10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0170:WSBDDA]2.0.CO;2

Melander B, Holst N, Jensen PK, Hansen EM, Olesen JE. Apera spica-venti population dynamics and impact on crop yield as affected by tillage, crop rotation, location and herbicide programmes. Weed Res. 2008;48:48–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00597.x




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1751

Journal ISSN:
  • 2300-357X (online)
  • 0065-0951 (print; ceased since 2016)
This is an Open Access journal, which distributes its content under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, provided that the content is properly cited.
The journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and aims to follow the COPE’s principles.
The journal publisher is a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.
The journal content is indexed in Similarity Check, the Crossref initiative to prevent scholarly and professional plagiarism.
Publisher
Polish Botanical Society