Analysis of yield and plant traits of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivated in temperate region in light of the possibilities of sowing in arid areas

Tadeusz Zając, Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra, Andrzej Oleksy, Anna Lorenc-Kozik, Karolina Ratajczak

Abstract


This work is a review of selected literature on the species of Brassica with the greatest economic significance. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) currently ranks third worldwide among oilseed crops used for oil production and is the most important in the temperate zone. The manifold uses of rape include not only human consumption of oil, but also the use of post-extraction meal to feed livestock as well as industrial applications as a source of bioenergy or cellulose. The improvement in the economic position of rape among crop plants is also due to the doubling of its yield between 1970 and 2009; the average annual increase in seed yield worldwide was 27 kg ha−1 yr−1. The yield level in Europe exceeds the average yields achieved in the world, particularly in Asia. Recently, the cultivation of oilseed rape was started on a relatively large acreage in Iran where the yield amounted 2.1 t ha−1, exceeding the yields of China and India. In Poland, the acreage of oilseed rape cultivation between 1965 and 2013 increased 3–4 times, and during this period the annual increase in seed yield was 29 kg ha−1 yr−1. Under the field conditions of the temperate climate zone, winter oilseed rape yield is mainly determined by agro-climatic conditions during the growing period, the level of nitrogen fertilization, and the production potential of varieties, which is currently highest in hybrids. There is a noticeable tendency of hybrids towards formation of more siliques by individual oilseed plants. Different production categories of plants appear in a rape crop. Semi-dwarf varieties of winter rapeseed are distinguished by greater silique density, particularly on the main shoot. Moreover, these hybrids are characterized by faster growth of the root system, which enables them to take up nitrogen from the soil more efficiently.

Keywords


cultivars; seed yield components; aboveground and belowground biomass

Full Text:

PDF

References


Berry PM, Spink JH. A physiological analysis of oilseed rape yields: past and future. J Agric Sci. 2006;144:381–392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859606006423

Guo Y, Sheng C, Li Z, Cowling W. Center of origin and centers of diversity in an ancient crop, Brassica rapa (turnip rape). J Hered. 2014;105(4):555–565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esu021

Daun JK. Quality of genetically modified (GM) and conventional varieties of canola (spring oilseed rape) grown in Western Canada, 1996–2001. J Agric Sci. 2004;142(03):273–280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859604004393

Zając T, Kulig B, Oleksy A, Stokłosa A, Styrc N, Pyziak K. Development and yield of morphologically different groups of winter oilseed rape canopy I. Productivity and morphology of plants. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura. 2013;12(1):45–56.

Jankowski KJ, Budzyński WS, Kijewski Ł, Zając T. Biomass quality of Brassica oilseed crops in response to sulfur fertilization. Agron J. 2015;107(4):1377–1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0386

Sieling K, Kage H. Efficient N management using winter oilseed rape. A review. Agron Sustain Dev. 2010;30(2):271–279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro/2009036

Nemecek T, Hayer F, Bonnin E, Carrouee B, Schneider A, Vivier C. Designing eco-efficient crop rotations using life cycle assessment of crop combinations. Eur J Agron. 2015;65:40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.01.005

Diepenbrock W. Yield analysis of winter rape (Brassica napus L.): a review. Field Crops Res. 2000;67(1):35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00082-4

Mousavi SMM, Hosseini SZ, Resalati H, Mahdavi S, Garmaroody ER. Papermaking potential of rapeseed straw, a new agricultural-based fiber source. J Clean Prod. 2013;52:420–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.02.016

Rondanini DP, Gomez NV, Agosti MB, Miralles DJ. Global trends of rapeseed grain yield stability and rapeseed-to-wheat yield ratio in the last four decades. Eur J Agron. 2012;37(1):56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2011.10.005

Peltonen-Sainio P, Jauhiainen L. Association of growth dynamics, yield components and seed quality in long-term trials covering rapeseed cultivation history at high latitudes. Field Crops Res. 2008;108(1):101–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2008.04.006

Waalen W, Øvergaard SI, Åssveen M, Eltun R, Gusta LV. Winter survival of winter rapeseed and winter turnip rapeseed in field trials, as explained by PPLS regression. Eur J Agron. 2013;51:81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2013.06.004

Zając T, Oleksy A, Stoklosa A, Klimek-Kopyra A. Comparison of morphological traits, productivity and canopy architecture of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and white mustard (Sinapsis alba L.). Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality. 2011;84:183–191.

Rapacz M, Markowski A. Winter hardiness, frost resistance and vernalization requirement of European winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera) cultivars within the last 20 years. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 1999;183(4):243–253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.1999.00346.x

FAO. FAOSTAT [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2015 Mar 1]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC

Unal H, Sincik M, Izli N. Comparison of some engineering properties of rapeseed cultivars. Ind Crops Prod. 2009;30(1):131–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.02.011

Zhang CL, Jun LI, Zhang MH, Cheng YG, LI GM, Zhang SJ. Mechanical harvesting effects on seed yield loss, quality traits and profitability of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). J Integr Agric. 2012;11(8):1297–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(12)60126-9

Weymann W, Bottcher U, Sieling K, Kage H. Effects of weather conditions during different growth phases on yield formation of winter oilseed rape. Field Crops Res. 2015;173:41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.01.002

Özer H, Oral E, Dogru Ü. Relationships between yield and yield components on currently improved spring rapeseed cultivars. Turk J Agric For. 1999;23(6):603–607.

Özer H. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on growth, yield and yield components of two summer rapeseed cultivars. Eur J Agron. 2003;19(3):453–463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00136-3

Miri HR. Morphophysiological basis of variation in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield. Int J Agric Biol. 2007;9(5):701–706.

Taheri E, Soleymani A, Javanmard HR. The effect of different nitrogen levels on oil yield and harvest index of two spring rapeseed cultivars in Isfahan region. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 2012;4(20):1496–1498.

Hamzei J, Soltani J. Deficit irrigation of rapeseed for water-saving: effects on biomass accumulation, light interception and radiation use efficiency under different N rates. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2012;155:153–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.04.003

Jabbari H, Akbari GA, Khosh Kholgh Sima NA, Shirani Rad AH, Alahdadi I, Hamed A, et al. Relationships between seedling establishment and soil moisture content for winter and spring rapeseed genotypes. Ind Crops Prod. 2013;49:177–187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.04.036

Rad AHS, Abbasian A, Aminpanah H. Seed and oil yields of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. J Anim Plant Sci. 2014;24:204–210.

Velayudhan A, Kohlmann KL, Westgate PJ, Ladisch MR. Analysis of plant harvest indices for bioregenerative life support systems. Enzyme Microb Technol. 1995;17(10):907–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(94)00121-7

Gunasekera CP, Martin LD, Siddique KHM, Walton GH. Genotype by environment interactions of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and canola (B. napus L.) in Mediterranean-type environments: 1. Crop growth and seed yield. Eur J Agron. 2006;25(1):1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.08.002

Bouchereau A, Clossais-Besnard N, Bensaoud A, Leport L, Renard M. Water stress effects on rapeseed quality. Eur J Agron. 1996;5:19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(96)02005-9

Veromann E, Toome M, Kännaste A, Kaasik R, Copolovici L, Flink J, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on insect pests, their parasitoids, plant diseases and volatile organic compounds in Brassica napus. Crop Prot. 2013;43:79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.09.001

Rathke GW, Behrens T, Diepenbrock W. Integrated nitrogen management strategies to improve seed yield, oil content and nitrogen efficiency of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): a review. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2006;117(2):80–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.006

Behrens T, Diepenbrock W. Using hemispherical radiation measurements to predict weight-related growth traits in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) canopies. Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 2006;192:465–474.

Colnenne C, Meynard JM, Roche R, Reau R. Effects of nitrogen deficiencies on autumnal growth of oilseed rape. Eur J Agron. 2002;17:11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(01)00140-X

Justes E, Denoroy P, Gabrielle B, Gosse G. Effect of crop nitrogen status and temperature on the radiation use efficiency of winter oilseed rape. Eur J Agron. 2000;13(2):165–177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00072-1

Scott RK, Stokes DT, McWilliam SC, Spink JH, Clare RW. Yield improvement through canopy management. In: Proceeding of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Vol. 2; 1999 Sep 26–29; Canberra, Australia. Paris: IRC; 1999. p. 313–318.

Petersen CT, Jorgensen U, Svendsen H, Hansen S, Jensen HE, Nielsen NE. Parameter assessment for simulation of biomass production and N uptake in winter rapeseed. Eur J Agron. 1995;4(1):77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(14)80019-1

Kotecki A, Kozak M, Malarz W. The effect of different crop production systems on growth and yielding of winter rape cultivars. Rośliny Oleiste – Oilseed Crops. 2004;25(1):97–107.

Rathke GW, Christen O, Diepenbrock W. Effects of nitrogen source and rate on productivity and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown in different crop rotations. Field Crops Res. 2005;94(2):103–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.11.010

Jankowski KJ, Budzyński WS, Załuski D, Hulanicki PS, Dubis B. Using a fractional factorial design to evaluate the effect of the intensity of agronomic practices on the yield of different winter oilseed rape morphotypes. Field Crops Res. 2016;188:50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.01.007

Baylis AD, Wright ITJ. The effects of lodging and a paclobutrazol–chlormequat chloride mixture on the yield and quality of oilseed rape. Ann Appl Biol. 1990;116:287–295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1990.tb06609.x

Köpke U, Nemecek T. Ecological services of faba bean. Field Crops Res. 2010;115(3):217–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.10.012

Sieling K, Christen O, Nemati B, Hanus H. Effect of previous cropping on seed yield and yield components of oil seed rape (Brassica napus L.). Eur J Agron. 1997;6(3):215–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(96)02049-7

Kwiatkowski CA, Gawęda D, Drabowicz M, Haliniarz M. Effect of diverse fertilization, row spacing and sowing rate on weed infestation and yield of winter oilseed rape. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura. 2012;11(4):53–63.

Clarke SM, Berry PM, Roques S, Draye X, Foulkes J, Hawkesford M, et al. A comparison of semi-dwarf and standard height oilseed rape varieties on N use efficiency and its components. Asp Appl Biol. 2010;105:115–123.

Śmiatacz K. Wzrost, rozwój i plonowanie różnych typów odmian rzepaku ozimego w zależności od terminu i gęstości siewu [PhD thesis]. Poznań: Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences; 2013.

Jia LIU, Mei DS, Li YC, Cui JC, Hui WANG, Peng PF, et al. Combining ability and breeding potential of rapeseed elite lines for pod shatter resistance. J Integr Agric. 2013;12(3):552–555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60256-7

Qiang L, HaiXing S, XiangMin R, JianWei P, GuiXian X, ZhenHua Z. Studies on oilseed yield and nitrogen efficiency in different cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Sciences. 2009;15(4):898–903.

Yu C, Leišová L, Kučera V, Vyvadilová M, Ovesná J, Dotlačil J, et al. Assessment of genetic diversity of yellow-seeded rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) accessions by AFLP markers. Czech J Genet Plant Breed. 2007;43:105–112.

Kierkegaard JA, Hocking PJ, Angus JF, Howe GN, Gardner PA. Comparison of canola, Indian mustard and Linola in two contrasting environments. II. Break-crop and nitrogen effects on subsequent wheat crops. Field Crops Res. 1997;52(1):179–191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(96)01057-X

Gan Y, Malhi SS, Brandt S, Katepa-Mupondwa F, Stevenson C. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake of canola under diverse environments. Agron J. 2008;100(2):285–295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agrojnl2007.0229

Vamerali T, Bona S, Mosca G, Sambo P. Is the root system the key to higher nitrogen uptake in rapeseed? In: Stokes A, editor. The supporting roots of trees and woody plants: form, function and physiology. Dordrecht: Springer; 2000. p. 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3469-1_39

Zanetti F, Rampin E, Loddo S, Vamerali T, Mosca G. Root morphology and nitrogen efficiency in new hybrids of winter rape. In: Proceedings of 13th Interantional Rapressed Congress. Vol. 1; 2011 Jun 5–8; Prague, Czech Republic. Paris: IRC; 2011. p. 287–290.

FAO. FAOSTAT [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 Mar 1]. Available from: http://faostat.fao.org

Leach JE, Stevenson HJ, Rainbow AJ, Mullen LA. Effects of high plant populations on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). J Agric Sci. 1999;132(02):173–180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859698006091

Fargue A, Meynard JM, Colbach N, Vallee P, Grandeau G, Renard M. Contamination of rapeseed harvest by volunteers of other varieties: a study of intergenotypic competition. Eur J Agron. 2004;21(2):193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2003.08.004

Jankowski K, Budzyński W. Response of different breeding forms of winter oilseed rape to date and density of sowing. II. Seed yield and yield components. Rośliny Oleiste – Oilseed Crops. 2007;28(2):195–207.

Tuncturk M, Çiftçi V. Relationships between yield and some yield components in rapeseed (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera L.) cultivars by using correlation and path analysis. Pak J Bot. 2007;39(1):81–84.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1696

Journal ISSN:
  • 2300-357X (online)
  • 0065-0951 (print; ceased since 2016)
This is an Open Access journal, which distributes its content under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, provided that the content is properly cited.
The journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and aims to follow the COPE’s principles.
The journal publisher is a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.
The journal content is indexed in Similarity Check, the Crossref initiative to prevent scholarly and professional plagiarism.
Publisher
Polish Botanical Society