Effect of pre-harvest application of gibberellic acid on the contents of pigments in cut leaves of Asarum europaeum L.

Elżbieta Pogroszewska, Magdalena Joniec, Katarzyna Rubinowska, Agnieszka Najda

Abstract


The experiment determined the effect of gibberellic acid applied prior to harvest on the contents of plant pigments in cut leaves of wild ginger (Asarum europaeum L.), cultivated in an unheated plastic tunnel and in the field. Foliar application of GA3 at a concentration of 100, 200, 400, 600 mg x dm-3 was repeated four times every two weeks. It has been proven that pre-harvest spraying of plants with gibberellic acid at a concentration of 100 mg x dm-3 has a positive effect on the content of photosynthetically active pigments in the leaves of A. europaeum cultivated in an unheated plastic tunnel. Application of GA3 at a concentration of 600 mg x dm-3 led to the accumulation of the greatest amount of anthocyanins in the leaves of Asarum europaeum cultivated both in the unheated plastic tunnel and in the field. The response of plants to GA3 application, expressed in the amount of flavonoids, depended on conditions related to the cultivation site. Pre-harvest treatment of A. europaeum plants with gibberellic acid at concentrations of 100-600 mg x dm-3 reduced the production of flavonoids in tunnel-grown wild ginger, but enhanced their accumulation in plants cultivated in the field. Pre-harvest application of gibberellic acid did not affect the fresh weight or dry mass content in plant material.

Keywords


Asarum europaeum; florist greens; gibberellin; chlorophyll; anthocyanins; flavonoids

Full Text:

PDF

References


Pfeiffer T. Vegetative multiplication and patch colonisation of Asarum europaeum subsp. europaeum L. (Aristolochiaceae) inferred by a combined morphological and molecular study. Flora. 2007; 202(2): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2006.05.005

van Meeteren U, van Gelder H, van Leperen W. Effect of growth conditions on post harvest rehydratation ability of cut chrysanthemum flowers. Acta Hortic. 2005; 669: 287–296.

Fanourakis D, Carvalho DRA, Gitonga VW, van Heusden AW, Almeida DPF, Heuvelink E, et al. Breeding cut roses for better keeping quality: first step. Acta Hortic. 2012; 937: 875–882.

Oh MM, Carey EE, Rajashekar CB. Antioxidant phytochemicals in lettuce grown in high tunnels and open field. Hort Env Biotechnol. 2011; 52(2): 133–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13580-011-0200-y

Lamont WJ, Orzolek MD, Holcomb EJ, Demchak K, Burkhart E, White L, et al. Production system for horticultural crops grown in the Penn State High Tunnel. HortTechnology. 2003; 13: 358–362.

Spaw M, Williams KA. Full moon farm builds high tunnels: a case study in site planning for crop production structures. HortTechnology. 2004; 14: 449–454.

Rader HB, Karlsson MG. Northern field production of leaf and romaine lettuce using a high tunnel. HortTechnology. 2006; 16: 649–654.

Al-Khassawneh NM, Karam NS, Shibli RA. Growth and flowering of black iris (Iris nigricans Dinsm.) following treatment with plant growth regulators. Sci Hortic. 2006; 107(2): 187–193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2005.10.003

Janowska B, Schroeter-Zakrzewska A. Effect of gibberellic acid, benzyladenine and 8- hydroxyquinoline sulphate on post-harvest leaf longevity of Arum italicum Mill. Zesz Probl Post Nauk Rol. 2008; 525: 181–187.

Rabiza-Świder J, Skutnik E. Wpływ substancji chemicznych na starzenie się ciętych liści funkii (Hosta L.) “Crispula” i “Undulata Mediovariegata” [The effect of chemical substances on senescence of Hosta L. “Crispula” and “Undulata Mediovariegata” cut leaves]. Zesz Probl Post Nauk Rol. 2008; 525: 351–360.

Janowska B, Śmigielska M. Effect of growth regulators and 8- hydroxyquinoline sulphate on postharvest longevity of Hypericum inodorum L. ’Magical Beauty’. Zesz Probl Post Nauk Rol. 2010; 510: 103–110.

Leopold AC, Kriedmann PE. Plant growth and development. McGraw – Hill, New York; 1975.

Shedeed MR, El-Gamassy KM, Hashim ME, Almulla AMN. Effect of fulifirtil fertilization and growth regulators on the vegetative growth of croton plants. Ann Agric Sci Ain Shams Univ Cario. 1991; 36: 209–216.

Eraki MA. The effect of gibberellic application and chelated iron nutrition on the growth and flowering of Queen Elizabeth rose plants. The first Conf. of Ornamental Hort. 1994; 2: 436–444.

Bedour HA, Aly MS, Abdel-Hady MN. Effect of foliar application of GA3 and Zn on Ocimum basillicum L. grown in different soil type. Egypt J Physiol Sci. 1994; 18: 365–380.

Lichtenthaler HK, Wellburn A. Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochem Soc Trans. 1983; 603: 591–592.

Strzelecka H, Kamińska J, Kowalski J, Malinowski J, Walewska E. Chemiczne metody badań roślinnych surowców leczniczych. Warsaw: PZWL; 1987.

Miłkowska K, Strzelecka H. Flos Hibisci – metody identyfikacji i ocena surowca [Flos Hibisci – identification methods and evaluating the material]. Herba Pol. 1995; 41(1): 11–16.

Wien HC. Floral crop production in high tunnels. HortTechnology. 2009; 19: 56–60.

Wien HC. Use of high tunnels in the northern USA: adaptation to cold climates. Acta Hort. 2009; 807: 55–59.

Ortiz MA, Hyrczyk K, Lopez RG. Comparison of high tunnel and field production of specialty cut flowers in the Midwest. Hort Sci. 2012; 47: 1265–1269.

Arumugam T, Jawaharlal M. Effect of shade levels and growing media on growth and yield of Dendrobium orchid cultivar Sonia-17. J Ornam Hort. 2004; 7: 107–110.

Rao BG, Srinivas PT, Naik MH. Effect of shade on plant growth, spike yield, flower quality and vase life in Dendrobium orchid hybrid Sonia-17. J Res ANGRAU. 2012; 40: 81–83.

Hodges L, Brandle JR. Windbreaks: an important component in a plasticulture system. HortTechnology. 1996; 6: 177–181.

Shah SH, Ahmad I, Samiullah. Responses of Nigella sativa to foliar application of gibberellic acid and kinetin. Biol Plant. 2007; 51(3): 563–566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-007-0123-8

Yu K, Wei J, Ma Q, Yu D, Li J. Senescence of aerial parts is impeded by exogenous gibberellic acid in herbaceous perennial Paris polyphylla. J Plant Physiol. 2009; 166(8): 819–830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2008.11.002

Ouzounidou G, Ilias I. Hormone-induced protection of sunflower photosynthetic apparatus against copper toxicity. Biol Plant. 2005; 49(2): 223–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-005-3228-y

Emongor VE. Effect of gibberellic acid on postharvest quality and vase life of gerbera cut flowers (Gerbera jamesonii). J Agro. 2004; 3(3): 191–195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2004.191.195

Khan AS, Chaudhry NY. GA3 improves flower yield in some cucurbits treated with lead and mercury. J Biotech. 2006; 5: 149–153.

Kozłowska M, editor. Fizjologia roślin. Poznań: PWRiL; 2007.

Małolepsza U, Urbanek H. Flawonoidy roślinne jako związki biochemicznie czynne [Plant flavonoids as biochemical active compounds]. Wiad Bot. 2000; 44(3/4): 27–37.

Manetas Y. Why some leaves are anthocyanic and why most anthocyanic leaves are red? Flora. 2006; 201(3):163–177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2005.06.010

Kleinhenz MD, French DG, Gazula A, Scheerens JC. Variety, shading and growth stage effects on pigment concentrations in lettuce grown under contrasting temperature regiments. HortTechnology. 2003; 13: 677–683.

Kwack H, Lee J, Kwack H, Lee JS. Effect of uniconazole and gibberellin on leaf variegation of ornamental plants under different light conditions. J Korean Soc Hort Sci. 1997; 38: 754–760.

Chung B, Lee S, Chung BN, Lee S. Effect of plant growth regulators, nitrogen and sucrose on anthocyanin formation by callus culture of Euphorbia milii var. splendens. RDA. J Hort Sci. 1998; 40: 34–39.

Montero T, Mollá E, Martín Cabrejas MA, López Andréu FJ. Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) on strawberry PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) and TAL (tyrosine ammonia lyase) enzyme activities. J Sci Food Agric. 1998; 77(2): 230–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199806)77:2<230::AID-JSFA27>3.3.CO;2-7

Hassanein RA, Khattab HKI, EL-Bassiouny HMS, Sadak MS. Increasing the active constituents of sepals of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plant by applying gibberellic acid and benzyladenine. J Appl Sci Res. 2005; 1: 137–146.

Soad M, Ibrahim M, Taha S, Farahat MM. Vegetative growth and chemical constituents of croton plants as affected by foliar application of benzyladenine and gibberellic acid. J Amr Sci. 2010; 6: 126–130.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.2014.014

Journal ISSN:
  • 2300-357X (online)
  • 0065-0951 (print; ceased since 2016)
This is an Open Access journal, which distributes its content under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, provided that the content is properly cited.
The journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and aims to follow the COPE’s principles.
The journal publisher is a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.
The journal content is indexed in Similarity Check, the Crossref initiative to prevent scholarly and professional plagiarism.
Publisher
Polish Botanical Society