BLOOMING OF ROMANAS ROSE ( ROSA RUGOSA THUNB . ) CULTIVATED ON ASH DUMPS RECLAIMED WITH VARIOUS TECHNIQUES

This article presents the results of a study on the cultivation of romanas rose on ash, carried out between 2004 and 2006. The experiment involved two different substrata and fi ve different fertile covers. The control group comprised of roses growing on native grounds and raw ash rock. The study measured the viability of the plants, number of fl owers and fruit borne from these fl owers. This study showed that the techniques of reclamation applied in this study signifi cantly infl uenced the examined characteristics of romanas rose. Fertile covers increased the growth and blooming, however the most desirable results were obtained when the cover consisted mostly of mineral matter.


INTRODUCTION
Ash, combustion by-product at coal power stations, is usually disposed of in dumps, which is highly harmful to the environment.Unfortunately, bioreclamation of the dumps is limited by the specifi c physicochemical properties of this type of waste (N i e d źw i e c k i and M e l l e r , 1994; G i l e w s k a , 2003; B a c i e c z k o and Z i e l i ń s k i , 2004; Z i e l i ń s k i and N o w a k , 2004); its strong alkaline reaction, from 9 pH to 12 pH (N i e d ź w i e c k i and M e l l e r , 1994), excludes the application of many plants.Hence, it is necessary to select appropriate species and a relevant reclamation technology.
Romanas rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) is a plant which is potentially useful in bioreclamation of dumps; it has low habitat requirements, is highly resistant to environmental pollution, and tolerant of alkaline reactions and high soil salinity.Bushes of this species have numerous root suckers and are tolerant of pruning, which is additionally useful in bioreclamation.As the dumps are often located in highly urbanized areas and frequently transformed into recreational areas, the selection

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out near Dolna Odra SA power station in Nowy Czarnów, at the dump reclamation site established in 2003 (B a c i e c z k o and Z i el i ń s k i , 2003).It included the measurement of plants' viability (using the admittance method), the number of fl owers, and the number of fruits borne from these fl owers.
The experiment was conducted over a period of three years, between 2004 and 2006, and had a random subblock design, in three replications.One replication consisted of 8 plants.The preparation of the substrate was the fi rst experimental factor, with two options: "p" -raw ash "p+" -ash supplemented with NPK fertilizers (60:70:70 kg×ha -1 ).
The experiment involved plants multiplied generatively, planted in 2004 at a distance of 1.5 m (rows) x 0.5 m (plants), and pruned each year at the level of 0.2 m. Between the rows of the roses, grass was planted, and the rows were subject to bare fallow with mechanical weed control.Standard maintenance activities were carried out during the experiment, however no watering or additional fertilizing took place.
The numerical data were analyzed with the Tuckey's test.The calculations were carried out using Statistica 7.1 PL software.

RESULTS
The study indicated that the reclamation techniques differed in their infl uence on the examined characteristics of romanas rose.The highest viability (mean 78.5 mcS×cm -1 ) was achieved on the fertilized ash covered with the cover of bark of coniferous trees, sand, compost and ash (p+2) -Fig. 1.The admittance coeffi cient values for the roses cultivated on sites p5, p4 and p+3 showed that they were in the same homogeneous group with p+2, i.e. there were no statistically significant differences between the sites p5, p4 and p+3 vs. p+2.Interestingly, the control plants were signifi cantly less viable than the experimental ones.
In this study, the most intense blooming was observed in the bushes growing on p+2, i.e. fertilized ash covered with the cover of bark of coniferous trees, sand, compost and sand.The mean number of fl owers was 142 (Fig. 2).
Bushes growing at the p2 site (covered with the cover of bark of coniferous trees, sand, compost, and ash) were observed to have the second largest number of fl owers (93) and were a separate homogeneous group.The control bushes did not fl ower (p) or bloomed only sporadically (gr).
Fruits were borne from the fl owers in different rates.The number of borne fruit in relation to the number of fl owers ranged from 50% to 100% (Fig. 3).However, due to the high variability of this characteristic within the individual sites, no statistically signifi cant infl uence of the reclamation techniques was observed.

DISCUSSION
This study shows that romanas rose is a species useful in the reclamation of ash dumps, what is confi rmed by M a c i o r o w s k i et al. ( 2007) investigations.In the experiment, the bushes growing at the reclamation sites were statistically signifi cantly more viable and had a signifi cantly higher intensity of blooming.The application of covers signifi cantly improved the growth of the species, which is consistent with reports by other authors on various species of trees and bushes Admittantions factor [mcS cm -1 ] Fig. 2. Intensity of blooming of romanas rose cultivated on an ash dump reclaimed with different techniques.(Gr -native ground, P -raw ash, P+ -ash with NPK fertilizers).