{"id":12657,"date":"2018-02-24T16:23:44","date_gmt":"2018-02-24T15:23:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/?page_id=12657"},"modified":"2018-02-24T16:23:44","modified_gmt":"2018-02-24T15:23:44","slug":"wiadomosci-botaniczne-351-1991","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/dzialalnosc-wydawnicza\/wiadomosci-botaniczne\/wiadomosci-botaniczne-351-1991\/","title":{"rendered":"Wiadomo\u015bci Botaniczne 35(1), 1991"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\nStan zbadania grzyb\u00f3w wielkoowocnikowych miast Polski [Investigations of macromycetes in the area of towns in Poland]
\nJ. A. Adamczyk, M. \u0141awrynowicz
\nRecently an increase of interest in fungi of the urbanized areas is observed, not only from the side of mycologists, but also botanists and ecologists. Fungi as parasites, saprophytes and symbionts take part in essential processes of urban ecosystems. Nowadays complex investigations are undertaken, including macromycetes, Taking into account the needs arising, the authors made an account of the existing literature of the subject and summarized the investigations on the Polish macromycetes: 104 publications from the period of ca. 130 years (l860-1990) are referred to, which include informations on fungi of the towns in Poland. When discussing the references chronologically, three periods can be distinguished: 1. 1860-1918. Floristic exploration concerned vast areas including urban and suburban ones. It was done a. o. by F. B\u0142o\u0144iski, S. Che\u0142chowski, J. Schroeter, B. Namys\u0142owski, A. Wr\u00f3blewski and F. Kaufmann, and included the present areas of Warsaw [4, 5, 7-9], Cracow [53-55, 99, 100], Pu\u0142awy [3, 5, 75, 99], Wroc\u0142aw and other towns in Silesia [67, 68], Gda\u0144sk, Elbl\u0105g and surroundings [33-39,44]. 11. 1918-1945. Ratherlittle was done as far as the fungal flora of urban areas is concerned. One has to note the activity of F. Teodorowicz and J. H. Szulczewski, and exploration of parasite fungi on trees done by H. Orlos and L. Grabowski. The data increased for Pozna\u0144 [82, 83] and Cracow (83) and a few other towns. From that period there come the first and for long time the only stands of fungi in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a [18,58]. Ill. 1945-1990. After a short decay an active investigations in the fields of taxonomy, chorology and ecology of fungi were initiated that also included the urban ecosystems. Recently the fungi of towns are of interest for the number of authors like W. Wojewoda, A. Skirgie\u0142\u0142o, Z. Doma\u0144ski, I. Ho\u0142ownia, M. \u0141awrynowicz, S. Friedrich, B. Salata, M. A. Bednarczyk and 1. \u0141uszczy\u0144ski, The exploration includes Cracow [88-91], Warsaw [76], Tor\u0144 [23-28], \u0141\u00f3d\u017a [46–50], Szczecin [17], Lublin [65], and Kielce [51]. The total number of species of macromycetes found in urban areas of Poland amount at ea. 1000. The majority of them is common, but there are also some rare, noted for the first time in the country. Among the listed 105 towns (Tab, I, ryc. 1) only in 6 towns more than lOO species of fungi were found; in 17 towns the corresponding number exceeds 20 and in the remaining is from 1 to 20. The given data show that only little is known about the fungi of Polish urban areas and that the literature on the subject is rather small when comparing with that on the vascular plants and lichens of urbanized areas. Thus the mycological exploration in towns has still to be intensified.
\nS\u0142owa kluczowe: macromycetes, urban areas, Poland
\nStrony: 3-9<\/p>\n

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\nAnaliza por\u00f3wnawcza ekologicznych liczb wska\u017anikowych (wg Ellenberga i Zarzyckiego) [Comparative analysis of ecological indicative values (according to Ellenberg and Zarzycki)]
\nA. B. Koz\u0142owska
\nThe present study is an attempt at assessing the ecological index values proposed by Zarzycki [28] from the point of view of the accuracy of the diagnosis of habitats obtained on their basis in comparison with analogous indices given by Ellenberg [15]. The material for analyses included 44 phytosociological records and 25 pH values and the results of measurements of surface soil layers made by the author in sandy grasslands and related dry meadows of Northern Poland (Fig. I.). The records were collected from the hummocks of glaciofluvial origin of the Pomeranian phase of the Baltic glaciation, i.e, from the kind of relief of a homogenous origin and fairly similar mechanical composition. The division of plant communities and their syntaxonomic pertinence is given in Tables 1 and 2. Mean values of the following indices were calculated for five selected plant units and given in a standardized form in a Fig. 2: light (ml.), thermal (m’T), continental (mK), humid (mF), acid (mk), and of the content of nitrogen (mN) similar to the index of fertility (mTr) according to Ellenberg and Zarzycki. The results obtained were compared with the empirical data referring to pH of soil and to the actual knowledge of other habitat differences between sandy grassland and dry meadow communities. Based on these results a conclusion was drawn that the indices of continentalism, as understood by Ellenberg, better reflect the climatic differences than the indices given by Zarzycki. On the other hand, indices of local habitat importance (mR, mF, mTr=mN) proposed by Zarzycki are slightly more suitable for application in Poland. The comparison of two different approaches to index values of species occurring in various habitats revealed the need for further studies allowing of specification of ecological index values of species based on empirical studies and also their degree of usefulness and limitation as to their application both in theory and practice. Keywords: ecological index values, ecological factors.
\nS\u0142owa kluczowe: ecological index values, ecological factors
\nStrony: 11-21<\/p>\n

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\nPylniki i py\u0142ek w hodowli in vitro [Anthers and pollen cultured in vitro culture]
\nR. \u015anie\u017cko
\nThe paper is a general review on anther and pollen culture in vitro. It is addressed to the reader. who does not work in this field. Some aspects of application of the methods in vitro culture for plant breeding is pointed out. In vitro microspores, inside the anther loculus are stimulated to development into haploid callus or embrioids. The embrioids could be regenerated to fully grown plants. By the androgenesis in vitro it is possible to obtain haploid. autodiploid and poliploid plants. These plants can be used in breeding to improve the horticultural varieties. Already some new varieties of tobacco. wheat. corn and rice are under crop. mainly in Southern Asia. There was found that plants and their pollen tubes show similar growth rate and resistance to stresses. The test of pollen grains germinating in vitro in media with some stressing substances e.g. bacterial toxines or herbicides. can help to appoint the plant which is most suitable as pollinator in breeding programme.
\nS\u0142owa kluczowe: anther. microspore, pollen. androgenesis. culture in vitro
\nStrony: 23-33<\/p>\n

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\nAkumulacja wolnej proliny jako przejaw metabolicznej reakcji ro\u015blin na dzia\u0142anie stresu wodnego [Free proline accumulation as a metabolic response of plants to the action of water stress]
\nH. Bandurska
\nA water stress may arise either from an excessive water contents (flooding) or from an insufficient water activity in the plants environment. In the case of terrestrial plants in nature, the latter occurs as a result of water deficit or drought and is called a water deficit stress (shortened water deficit or water stress) or drought stress. One of the typical responses of plants to the action of water stress is an accumulation of free proline. The amount of this amino acid accumulated during the same stress conditions is different for various species and even for various cultivars of the same species. It was noted that water stress stimulates free proline formation from glutamic acid with simultaneous inhibition of its oxidation. The physiological significance of proline accumulation has not been absolutely clarified yet. Because the amount of accumulated proline is positively correlated with dehydration of tissue some authors considered this phenomenon as a symptom of injury [1,27,38,70, 1351.On the other hand, many investigators suppose that free proline is a factor adapting plants to water stress conditions [13, 53, 54, 98, 1141. Several possible roles of proline have been postulated: osmoregulation, stabilization of proteins, prevention of enzymes, regulation of cytoplasmic pH level, and conservation of nitrogen and energy for post-stress period. So, it is suggested, in spite of lack an univocal correlation between proline accumulation and plants resistance to water stress, that this amino acid may be a factor adapting plants to water stress conditions. But it must be noticed, that proline accumulation upon sever or prolonged water stress is an effect of irreversible and unfavourable alterations, such as proteins or chlorophyll degradation, and then may be a symptom of injuries.
\nS\u0142owa kluczowe: proline accumulation, water stress, osmoregulation, pH regulation, proteins stabilisation
\nStrony: 35-46<\/p>\n

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\nPortrety botanik\u00f3w polskich [Portraits of Polish botanists]
\nStrony: 47-48<\/p>\n

Aleksander \u015alendzi\u0144ski
\nAlicja Zemanek<\/p>\n

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\nRozstania [Obituaries]
\nStrony: 49-51<\/p>\n

Bogus\u0142aw Molski
\nSzczepan Pieni\u0105\u017cek<\/p>\n

Janina Satczek
\nAndrzej Jankun<\/p>\n

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\nRocznice, jubileusze [Anniversaries, jubilees]
\nStrony: 51-58<\/p>\n

M. H. Leszczyc-Sumi\u0144ski
\nCezary W. Doma\u0144ski<\/p>\n

Dr Z. Radwa\u0144ska-Paryska – 90-lecie urodzin [90th anniversary of birth]
\nR. W.-B.<\/p>\n

Mgr H. Stasiak – 80-lecie urodzin [80th anniversary of birth]
\nR. W.-B.<\/p>\n

40-lecie Tatrza\u0144skiej Stacji Terenowej Zak\u0142adu Ochrony Przyrody PAN [40 years of the Tatra Field Station in Zakopane]
\nHalina Pi\u0119ko\u015b-Mirkowa<\/p>\n

Pro memoria (Wojciech Adamski, Witold Fusek, Kazimierz Filipowicz, Franciszek Herbich, W\u0142adys\u0142aw Jab\u0142onowski, Jan Jachno, Szymon Syre\u0144ski, Franciszek Wawrzyniak)
\nZbigniew Mirek<\/p>\n

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\nSprawozdania ze spotka\u0144 naukowych [Scientific meeting reports]
\nStrony: 58-60<\/p>\n

Polsko-szwedzkie seminarium geobotaniczne [Scientific meeting reports Polish-Swedish geobotanical seminary]
\nW\u0142odzimierz Pisarek, Hieronom Andrzejewski<\/p>\n

IV Mi\u0119dzynarodowy Kongres Mikologiczny (IMC 4)t (Regensburg, 28.VIII.-03.IX.1990) [4th International Mycological Congress (IMC 4), (Regensburg, 28.VIII.-O3.IX.1990)]
\nPiotr Zajkowski, Katarzyna Prus<\/p>\n

Seminarium RWPG\/IUCN ma temat: Problemy ochrony gatunkowej ro\u015blin i zwierz\u0105t (Zakopane, 24-26.X. l9S9) [Scientific seminar CMEA\/IUCN The problems of plant and animal species protection (Zakopane, 24-26.X. 1989)]
\nHalina Pi\u0119ko\u015b-Mirkowa<\/p>\n

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\nBotanika za granic\u0105 [Botany abroad]
\nStrony: 60-61<\/p>\n

Brytyjskie Towarzystwo Lichenologiczne [The British Uchen Society]
\nKrystyna Czy\u017cewska<\/p>\n

100-lecie Szwajcarskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego [100 years of the Swiss Botanical Society]
\nR. W.-B.<\/p>\n

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\nZ \u017cycia PTB [Polish Botanical Society news]
\nStrony: 61-64<\/p>\n

Sprawozdanie z dzia\u0142alno\u015bci PTB w 1990 roku [Polish Botanical Society in 1990]
\nBarbara Sudnik -W\u00f3jcikowska, Maria \u0141awrynowicz<\/p>\n

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\nVaria
\nStrony: 64-70<\/p>\n

Nowe w\u0142adze Komitetu Botaniki PAN [New authorities of the Botanical Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences]
\nR. W.-B.<\/p>\n

Wytw\u00f3rnia Film\u00f3w Naukowych Uniwersytetu Szczeci\u0144skiego [Scientific film atelier at the Szczecin University]
\nJadwiga Jasnowska<\/p>\n

Karykatury Profesora Karola Starmacha [Cartoons of Professor Karol Starmach]
\nJadwiga Siemi\u0144ska<\/p>\n

Czy Europejczycy zawlekli okrzemk\u0119 Asterionella formosa<\/em> na Now\u0105 Zelandi\u0119? [Did Europeans bring along the diatom Asterionella formosa<\/em> to New Zealand?]
\nJadwiga Siemi\u0144ska<\/p>\n

Leksykon botanik\u00f3w polskich [Dictionary of Polish botanists]
\nTomasz Majewski, Zbigniew Mirek, Alicja Zemanek<\/p>\n

Leksykon botanik\u00f3w polskich [Dictionary of Polish botanists] – Antoni J\u00f3zef \u017bmuda
\nAlicja Zemanek<\/p>\n

Aleksander J\u00f3zef \u015alendzi\u0144ski (\u015ale\u0144dzi\u0144ski)
\nAlicja Zemanek<\/p>\n

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\nNowe periodyki i serie [New journals and series]
\nStrony: 71-72<\/p>\n

Przegl\u0105d periodyk\u00f3w lichenologicznych powsta\u0142ych w latach osiemdziesi\u0105tych [A review of lichenological periodicals]
\nKrystyna Czy\u017cewska<\/p>\n

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\nInformacja botaniczna [Botanical information]
\nStrony: 73-73<\/p>\n

Mi\u0119dzynarodowy Informator Mykologiczny [International Mycological Directory]
\nAlina Skirgie\u0142\u0142o<\/p>\n

Ogrody Botaniczne \u015awiata [Informator. International Directory of Botanic Gardens]
\nR. W.-B.<\/p>\n

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\nMuzea, archiwa, zbiory [Museums, archives, collections]
\nStrony: 74-78<\/p>\n

Najstarsze zbiory Muzeum Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Jagiello\u0144skiego [The oldest collections in the Museum of Botanic Garden, Jagiellonian University]
\nPiotr K\u00f6hler<\/p>\n

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\nOgrody botaniczne i arboreta [Botanic gardens and arboreta]
\nStrony: 78-81
\nPropozycja metodyki opracowania dokumentacji oceny stanu zdrowotnego drzew pomnikowych. Evaluation of health conditions of monumental trees – a proposal of method
\nAndrzej Kurdziel. Andrzej Gruszczyk<\/p>\n

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\nRecenzje [Book reviews]
\nStrony: 81-85<\/p>\n

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\nNadchodz\u0105ce spotkania [Forthcoming meetings]
\nStrony: 85-86<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stan zbadania grzyb\u00f3w wielkoowocnikowych miast Polski [Investigations of macromycetes in the area of towns in Poland] J. A. Adamczyk, M. \u0141awrynowicz Recently an increase of interest in fungi of the urbanized areas is observed, not only from the side of mycologists, but also botanists and ecologists. Fungi as parasites, saprophytes and symbionts take part […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":326,"menu_order":64,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12657","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12657"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12658,"href":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12657\/revisions\/12658"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pbsociety.org.pl\/default-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}