Charakterystyka morfologiczno-rozwojowa pełnika europejskiego Trollius europaeus L. [The morphological and developmental characteristics of the globe flower Trollius europaeus L.]
Małgorzata Tarant
The paper presents individual development of protected plant Trollius europaeus L. According to Żukowski, Jackowiak (1995) this species in Western Pomerania and Wielkopolska belongs to category of vulnerable taxa (V) which are likely to move into the endangered category. Morphological-developmental description is based on studies conducted on plants cultivated in Botanical Garden of A. Mickiewicz University in the years 1992–96. In order to analyse phenology of globe flower the authoress also included data from previous observations carried out in 1958–59 and 1980–81. Trollius europaeus is an example of typical caulophyte. Its persistent organ is the rhizome formed by system of thickened bases of stems and adventitious roots. The persistence of the rhizome is about 4–5 years. The growth cycle of above-ground monocarpic stems usually lasts 2 or 3 years from rosette phase to blooming and forming fruits. Basing on morphological properties, the following developmental stages were distinguished: seedlings, juveniles, virginiles, generative individuals and subsenile individuals. During the many-year growth cycle individuals of globe flower form a distinct aggregations of vegetative rosettes and flowering shoots connected by durable rhizome (so-called clumps). Such polycormones could be considered as units that can be counted in the field demographic investigations. ln consequence of decay process of the oldest part of rhizome and desintegration of polycormones they changed into clones of close located but morphological separated vegets. Basing on phenological observations it was found that Trollius europaeus belongs to the group of perennials with rhythinical appearance of above-ground organs, producing two stem generations during vegetative season.
Strony [Pages]: 3–10
Czynna ochrona wybranych gatunków roślin chronionych i ginących na Lubelszczyźnie [Active conservation of protected and endangered selected plants species on the Lublin Upland]
Krystyna Dąbrowska, Maria Franszczak-Być, Ryszard Sawicki
Strony [Pages]: 11–27
Spontaniczna flora naczyniowa Ogrodu Botanicznego Leśnego Parku Kultury i Wypoczynku w Bydgoszczy [Spontaneous flora of Botanical Garden of Forest Recreation and Culture Park in Bydgoszcz]
Hanna Bukowska, Maciej Korczyński
Flora research was carried out in the Botanic Garden of Forest Recreation and Culture Park in 1992-94 and 1996. Its aim was characterization of spontaneous flora on this area. Results of investigation were compared to results of analogical research carried out in 1977 (before the garden was built). On the research area 428 species out of 71 families were found, including 18 protected plants. ln the period between 1977 and 1996 the following changes took place: – the increase of participation of hydrophyte, geophyte and chamephyte was noted with simultaneous drop of participation of hemikryptophyte. – the drop of participation of spontaneophytes was recorded together with simultaneous increase of participation of apophytes. – the increase of indices of: total synantropization, total apophytism, apophytism of spontaneophytes and modernization was recorded. In contrast, the value of total archeophytization index decreased. Ample, spontaneous flora Botanic Garden of FR and CP creates big possibilities to form collection of native flora.
Strony [Pages]: 29–38
Kolekcja bromelii (Bromeliaceae) w Ogrodzie Botanicznym Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego [Collection of bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) from the Botanical Garden of the Wrocław University]
Krystyna Kukułczanka
The collections of bromeliads in botanical gardens are considered to be really attractive. The plants representing this family grow in South America as endemits characterized by special morphology, anatomy and biology. They are of vital importance to the education of students. Bromeliads have also been subjected to scientific examinations for a long time. The Bromeliaceae family comprises 2000 species grouped in 3 subfamilies, i.e. Bromelioideae, Tillandsioideae and Pitcarnioideae, which are included by L. B. Smith in 43 genera. As the bromeliads occur within a huge area as well as under extreme and highly differentiated conditions, in respect of climate and habitat, they have developed a marked capacity for change and adaptation. The collection of bromeliads in the Botanical Garden of the Wrocław University consists of more than 200 species representing 26 genera (in 1995). Between the years 1985 to 1995 this collection was enlarged by 90 species, mainly due to scientific research and sowing of seeds under in vitro conditions (Kukułczanka 1996). The rosette plants belonging to the Bromelioideae subfamily are more often cistern epiphytes, and rarely terrestial species. They from attractive inflorescens with colourful flower bracts. In our collection, we have 16 from among the 26 known genera. The most numerous genera are follows: Aechmea with 34 taxa, Billbergia with 11, Nidularium with 10, Neoregelia with 13 and Cryptanthus with 9. Such genera as Ananas, Bromelia, Gravisia, Wittrockia, Araeococus and intergeneric hybrid x Cryptobergia are also worth mentioning. Plants representing the Tillandsioideae subfamily, mainly epiphytes or lithophytes grow from ocean coasts to high mountains, on arid lands and to rain forests. From the 6 genera described by Smith, we have in our collection 4 genera, namely the following taxa: Guzmania, 17: Vriesea. 27: and Tillandsia. 51. Our collection comprises 6 from 12 of the known terrestial genera belonging to the Pitcairnioideae subfamily. They can be itemized as follows: 8 species of Puya, 5 of Pitcairnia, 5 of Dyckia as well as the species representing such genera as Hechtia, Abromeitiella and Fosterella. Cultivation of the bromeliad species in a botanical garden presents no difficulties. Taking into account geographical regions, climatic zones and various habitats, where the investigated plants grow, as well as their morphology, anatomy and physiology, we are able to provide favourable conditions for the bromeliads to achieve good growth and development in any greenhouse situated within the European temperate zone. Light is a factor which can limit the cultivation of bromeliads, especially in late autumn and winter. The species growing originally in the mountains and in arid areas need intense light and the flow of fresh air. Our bromeliads, depending on their origin, are cultivated in a warm (temperature higher than 18°C) or temperate greenhouse. Most bromeliads, including cistern species, are grown as potted plants. They all have airy substratum of slightly acid reaction. For watering the plants we use either rain water or tap water acidified by means of phosphoric acid. Small plants, especially those from the Tillandsia genus, are cultivated epiphytic on stocks. During the vegetation season the plants are alternatively fertilised by organic and mineral fertilisers of low concentrations. Generative propagation of bromeliads is advantageous since results in the differentiation of populations. ln the future, this differentiation will allow for the cross-pollination of the flowers and production of seeds. The collection of bromeliads in the Botanical Garden of the Wrocław University can be considered as being in constant development.
Strony [Pages]: 39–47
Sposób odtworzenia zbiorników wodnych w Ogrodzie Botanicznym Uniwersytetu im. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej [Reconstruction of gardens ponds in Botanical Garden of M. Curie-Skłodowska University]
Maciej Kwiatkowski
The condition of water resources in Poland and their incompetent use have resulted in diving out natural water reservoirs. This situation applies to Botanical gardens in Lublin, the area formerly famous for its curative water supplies. Since 1984 a way of reconstructing natural ponds has been sought. The conditions under which sealing technology was implemented were: – the use of natural/ecological materials, – keeping the existing floral resources and escarpments and banks of the ponds untouched, – quick implementation term. The above criteria have been fulfilled by using BENTOMAT (VOLCLAY – USA). Bentomat consists of two layers of technical liners inside of which bentonite is inserted (4.88 kg/m2). The surface layer stabilises the matrix and the lower porous layer facilitates adhesion to the ground and absorption of water into bentomat. Sodium bentonite is compact sedimentary rock consisting of 70% montmorillonite. Bentonite is capable of absorbing water 9 times its own weight and 12 times own capacity. As a mineral it does not lose the ability to swell in changing conditions. These properties guarantee the ability of bentomat to complement the void spaces. Bentomat is capable of self-repairing even if the void is 30 cm2 big. The bentomat VOLCLAY filtering rate equals 5×109cm/s and is approximate to the filtration of 8.0 m of well condensed loam of 1.0m of well condensed clay. The product boats various certificates and the approval of Building Technology Institute (ITB) and Foreign Trade Enterprise (PHZ) as well as high technical notes. Owing to its ability to absorb heavy metals bentomat ensures protection of any water reservoir. The process of lying bentomat in Botanical garden went very smoothly. Soil was pushed away by bulldozers forming a heap. Due to this the reservoir was deepened and widened by 30-50 cm. Then the bentomat belts (4.5 m x 40 m) were spread on the levelled surface. These panels were spread out from the reel by a tractor. The folds between the belts were covered by loose bentonite. Next the soil from the heap was spread on the bentomat forming 40-50 cm deep soil layer. Pressing bentomat with soil ensured tightness in the folds region and equalled tenseness on the whole surface. Furthermore, it burned swelling bentonite and protected bentomat from mechanical damage. The works on sealing the pond in Botanical Gardens lasted for 3.5 months during the autumn of 1996. 1.0 ha of the pond was selected and 320 m of cascade providing the pond with water was created using this method. There is an unlimited duration guarantee for the durability of the materials.
Strony [Pages]: 49–53
Powódź w Ogrodzie Roślin Leczniczych Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu [Flood in the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant University of Medicine in Wrocław]
Eugeniusz Kuźniewski, Agata Biernat, Katarzyna Hage, Barbara Hojden, Anna Jezierska, Magdalena Malewska, Anna Procyk, Małgorzata Stachura
The flood in the Botanical Garden for Medicinal Plants of the University of Medicine took place from July 12.1997 to July 31. It was similar to the flood of 1903, however the depth was not 110 cm , but 170–250 cm (1997). This paper presents results of the reaction of phanerofites, chameofits, cryptofits, hemicryptofits and plants from the greenhouse. Generally 60–90% plants were destroyed.
Strony [Pages]: 55–61
Udział Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w przyrodniczym zagospodarowaniu Wysypiska Odpadów Komunalnych miasta Poznania [The participation of the Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in natural bringing into cultivation of the waste dump of Poznań City]
Szymon Łukasiewicz
Strony [Pages]: 63–67
Ogród Botaniczny Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu i jego specyfika [Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and its specifics]
Aleksander Łukasiewicz
The article presents short history of the Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and its botanical divisions. Moreover the current scientific problems, its didactical and social duties are also described. Finally the specific of the Garden and its assumptions (clear arrangement, the biggest in Poland alpine garden, covering plants used in large scale) are described.
Strony [Pages]: 71–73
Dawne plany Arboretum Kórnickiego [The old plans of the Kórnik Arboretum]
Jakub Dolatowski
ln the article changes in the park architecture of the Kórnik-Arboretum were shortly described basing on 11 old plans stored in the library of the Institute of Dendrology and the library of the Castle of Kórnik. These plans concern the period from 1780 to 1943. It appears that plant compositions undergo changes easily, for example only few great alleys survive from the Tytus Działyński’s days. In contrast with the trees arrangements the lay-out of the main axes and paths still exist.
Strony [Pages]: 75–84
Ogród Dendrologiczny w Wirtach pod Starogardem Gdańskim [Dendrological Garden in Wirty near Starogard Gdański]
Urszula Nawrocka-Grześkowiak
The Wirty Arboretum was founded in the period 1980–1897. It is located in forest district Kaliska, between the Borzechowskie-Lake and the road Starogard–Radziejewo–Borzechowo. It covers an area of 33.6 ha, on which trees and shrubs belonging 280 species and varieties are collected. The first trees of foreign origin were plants, together with his friend Prof. A. Schwappach from Eberswalde. The nurseries in the Arboretum disappeared in the 1950 and now only trees and shrubs belonging to the collection are planted on this area. Among the most interesting species growing there since many years are: Liriodendron tulipifera, Juglans intermedia ‘Wirty’, Fagus silvatica ‘Asplenifolia’, Fs. ‘Albovariegata’, Ailanthus altissima, Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Squarossa’, Abies procera ‘Glauca’, Abies koreana, Thujopsis dolabrata. The Wirty Forest Arboretum is now treated as scientific and didactic object. It is supplemented every year by new species and cultivars Arboretum Wirty is the only dendrological garden of this rank in Gdańsk- Pomerania.
Strony [Pages]: 85–88
Ogród Naukowy i Dydaktyczny Katedry i Zakładu Roślin Leczniczych Akademii Medycznej im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu [The Scientific and Educational Garden of the Department of Medicinal Plants, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medicinal Sciences in Poznań]
Elżbieta Błaszczyk, Halina Grabarczyk, Monika Wichłacz, Andrzej Żyła
The paper describes environmental conditions, plant collections and scientific activity of the educational and scientific garden belonging to the Department of Medicinal Plants, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznań. Plants belong to the Asteraceae family are cultivated at the greatest area. Phytochemical and biological investigations of the Asteraceae taxa are the main field of our scientific interest. The scientific team of the Department of Medicinal Plants is strongly engaged on isolation, structure determination as well as biological activity control of sesquiterpene lactones and the other groups of natural and semisynthetic terpenoids.
Strony [Pages]: 89
Rola Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w przebudowie zabytkowego parku w Ciążeniu [The role of A. Mickiewicz University in the reconstruction of historical park in Ciążeń]
Aleksander Łukasiewicz
The paper presents the short history of the park and palace complex in Ciążeń, and the restoration of the park from 1980. In the moment of the assumption of the object by Adam Mickiewicz University in 1969 it was totally desolated. The arrangement was done by removing the great amount of wild selfseedings, extensive species and plants planted during so called “volontarity act”. First, the northern part of the park was reconstructed, especially it’s front part from the main entrance. Next the southern part was arranged, then the Iandscape part of the park. After the enlargement in 1993, the new project of the whole park was done, based on the specific assumptions. Now the total area of the park is 12 ha. The whole park is divided into 27 garden beds, what enables exact documentation of the planting and functional layout of the promenades. The integral part of the park is the historical linden alley which in large part lies along the valley of Warta river. In the next few years the finish of park rebuilding and introducing of new valuable, a attractive plant species is planned. Many years’ park reconstruction is realized thanks to management of the Library of Adam Mickiewicz University, with friendly attitude of the University and Konin province authorities as well as thanks to engagement the management of the Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University.
Strony [Pages]: 95–102
Kolekcje roślinne oraz problematyka badawcza Królewskiego Ogrodu Botanicznego Kew w Richmond pod Londynem [Plant collections and scientifical activity of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew in Richmond near London]
Karol Węglarczyk
Royal Botanic Garden KEW was established in 1881 and it is situated in Richmond near the London. The area of the garden is about 121 ha. It presents about 30 000 taxa of plants and contains special greenhouses collections of tropical, Australian, Mediterranean and south hemisphere mountains native plants. There are fine specimens of Cupressus cashmeriana, Jubea chilensis, Lodoicea maldavica, Protea cynaroides and others. The open-air collections contains arboretum, pinetum, aquatic garden, bamboo garden, and the rock garden. The arboretum contains a fine collection of very old specimens, for example Pinus nigra var. maritima, Ginkgo biloba, Quercus castaneifolia, and large collection interesting species of rhododendrons and azaleas. The climatic conditions of the garden are shown in climatic diagram from the KEW weather station (fig. 1). The data indicate a high average annual rainfall ranging 608 mm. The mean annual temperature is 10.4°C. In the garden dominate alluvial soils. There is herbarium (about 6 mln specimens), library, and Horticulture School in The KEW Garden.
Strony [Pages]: 103–108
Kolekcje roślinne i działalność naukowa Uniwersyteckiego Ogrodu Botanicznego w Kopenhadze (Dania) [Plant collections and scientific activity of University Botanical Garden in Copenhagen (Denmark)]
Ewa Kazimierczak-Grygiel
The Copenhagen Botanical Garden is a university institute which was established in 1600. The 10 hectares of the Botanical Garden has many interesting features and collections, such as the large Palm house with tropical and subtropical plants. The climatic conditions of the region are shown in climatic diagram. The soil was changed by man’s activity. Research projects are concentrated within three areas: 1) taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution; 2) tropical flora and vegetation; 3) tissue culture and conservation of genetic material.
Strony [Pages]: 109–115
Działalność Ogrodu Botanicznego w Klagenfurt (Austria) w regionalnej ochronie przyrody Karyntii [A regional activity of Botanical Garden in Klagenfurt (Austria) in nature preservation of Carinthia]
Jolanta Jańczyk-Węglarska
The paper describes plant collections and scientific activity of Botanical Garden of Carynthia – the most south situated province of Austria. Most important collections occur the Garden area in the city Klagenfurt (450 m asl.) and, in the near located, the alpine part of the Garden, named Villacher Alpe (1500 m asl.). The Botanical Garden of Carinthia pays great attention to the collection maintenance, propagation and growing of rare, endangered and endemic plants from the natural stands of the Southeast and southern parts of Alps. Especially interesting seems to be collections of the alpine, moor and marsh as well as the aquatic plants.
Strony [Pages]: 117–120
Jubileusz 200-lecia Parku Dendrologicznego „Zofiówka” na Ukrainie [Jubilee of the 200-th anniversary of Dendrological Park “Zofiówka” in Ukraine]
Aleksander Łukasiewicz
The report contains short history of the “Zofiówka” Dendrological Park founded by count Stanislaw Szczęsny Potocki at the end of XVIII-th century. The jubilee was organised by the Zofiówka Arboretum of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. About 200 participants from many countries (22 person from Poland) took part in the jubilee. The three-day symposium (18–20 September, 1996) was devoted to the protection of monumental parks. The talks were divided into 15 thematical groups. The participants from Poland gave two talks, illustrated by slides. ln addition the participants visited beautifully located Arboretum. They also took part in the ceremonial session at Humań with the participation of the supreme authorities . During this session the Arboretum management was awarded “Europa Nostra” award for the reconstruction and development of the Arboretum. After the symposium, the Polish group have had a possibility to visit Tulczyn (abode of the Potocki family), Dendrological Park “Aleksandria” in Biała Cerkwia and two botanical gardens in Kiev.
Strony [Pages]: 121–125
Najważniejsze efekty działalności Rady Ogrodów Botanicznych i Arboretów przy Komitecie Botaniki PAN za lata 1973–1996 [The main effects of the activity of the Board of Botanic Gardens and Arboretums at the Botany Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences in the years 1973–1996]
Aleksander Łukasiewicz
ln this report were presented domains of activities of the Botanical Gardens and Arboreta Board at Botanical Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences: 1.scientific problems; 2. didactic; 3. botanical gardens management; 4. by law protection of botanical gardens and arboreta; 5. perspectives of development of botanical gardens in Poland; 6. publications concerning botanical gardens and organising matters of them.
Strony [Pages]: 127–130
Konwencja Waszyngtońska (CITES) czyli jak kontrolować międzynarodowy handel zagrożonymi gatunkami roślin i zwierząt [The Washington Convention (CITES) concerning how to control international trade in endangered species of wild flora and fauna]
Hanna Werban-Jakubiec
The paper contents a brief information on the assumptions, aims and a structure of the Washington Convention (CITES). Introducing and execution of the Convention’s resolutions in Poland along with the role of botanic gardens is presented.
Strony [Pages]: 131–139
I Konferencja Europejskich Ogrodów Botanicznych „eurogard’97” w Edynburgu [The First European Botanic Garden Conference “eurogard’97” in Edinburgh]
Jerzy Puchalski
The 1. Conference of European Botanic Gardens took place in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburg in Scotland from 2nd to 5th April, 1997. There were 172 participants originating from 30 countries and 1 territory of UK – Gibraltar. The scientific programme organised as 6 theme sessions was devoted to such topics as: biodiversity conservation in European botanic gardens; botanic gardens and education; European botanic gardens; botanic gardens and science – research priorities for European botanic gardens; botanic gardens a spans of European heritage – historical gardens building capacity for action of European botanic gardens. In plenary sessions 27 oral papers and 30 posters were presented. Also two groups of workshops were held as 6 discussion topics. Participants were invited to visit the Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh and its satellite garden in Dawyck.
Strony [Pages]: 141–143
